If you are pondering over this question, “how to get back with my ex girlfriend” please understand that this is a very delicate situation. Feelings may be badly hurt on both ends and anything that you may do now or not do may cause even more hurt.

Read more on How to Get Back With My Ex Girlfriend – 5 Steps That Will Not Fail You…

The fact that you are asking this question, “can I get my ex girlfriend back?” shows that the breakup probably was not serious enough to negate the chances of reconciliation altogether. You also probably have the hope that she feels the same way about the relationship. If you have hurt her intentionally or unintentionally and you know it, it is time to say you are sorry. Being sorry and sincerely showing it is a very good first step to get back together with your ex girlfriend.

Read more on Can I Get My Ex Girlfriend Back By Being Sensitive Or By Making Her Jealous?…

The fact that you are asking this question, “can I get my ex girlfriend back?” shows that the breakup probably was not serious enough to negate the chances of reconciliation altogether. You also probably have the hope that she feels the same way about the relationship. If you have hurt her intentionally or unintentionally and you know it, it is time to say you are sorry. Being sorry and sincerely showing it is a very good first step to get back together with your ex girlfriend.

Read more on Can I Get My Ex Girlfriend Back By Being Sensitive Or By Making Her Jealous?…

There are times when your relationship suddenly falls apart and either one or both of you may doubt whether it is all over especially if the relationship is new. Some men simply cannot reconcile to the fact that their girlfriend dumped them and so they hope to get back with their girlfriend again. If you are asking, “How can I get back together with my ex girlfriend”, it is important to plan your moves ahead.

Read more on How Can I Get Back Together With My Ex Girlfriend – Nothing Is Impossible…

Relationships are delicate and need to be nurtured with loving dedication to make them grow strong. Sadly, everything is not as rosy as we would like it to be. When relationships are broken, they drain us of all our emotions, feelings, ability to think clearly and in acute cases, even our physical well being.

Read more on Get Back at Your Ex – 5 Ideas…

Have you just gone through a break up? Are you thinking how to get an ex back? Many people experience some sort of a break up but most of them just concentrate on moving on rather than searching for a way to get an ex back. If you are not a part of that league and you want to work towards how to get an ex back, then here are some tips for you. Does a break up mean that there are no chances of getting back together with your ex?

Read more on How To Get An Ex Back – Know What You Are Doing…

Introduction to OS:

Android is an OS (Operating software) for cell phones, computers and many other things. A symbian OS is superior customizable operating system approved by the world’s top mobile phone manufacturers. It is designed for the particular requirements of advanced mobiles phones for you people.

Read more on Cheap Mobile Mysteries: What Is A OS?…

8 years ago, the 49-year-old was on the Renhai Xin Shu-Min, Group Executive President, then the evaluation of the outside world that she has been inseparable from the "executive power", she admitted: What if your management expertise, and that is the implementation of efforts particularly strong. Shu-Min at no young, educated also are not high and no international background, nor is it a general sense of management experts, but her management style, we still have some perception: if you really believe, trust, simple indeed give organizations the power to bring. As we from the "soldiers breakthrough" in the promise more than three who have seen

A motion and most of the Hisense

and different executives, in Shu-min is not the title of senior engineer, but senior political work, she graduated from the Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Management. Served as general manager of Hisense Electric, she was this old party secretary of state-owned enterprises.

Her views on women executives: I never considered working for women's issues, only the pursuit of good results. Not because they are women can be forgiven, because they are women allowed to fail on. After all, firms are not you a man, in this position must be responsible for the enterprise.

Staff with her: strongman. China's household electrical appliance enterprises, often on personnel changes bring us shocked. In 2000, the 49-year-old was a surprise replacement Shu-Min smaller than her 6-year-old chairman and Hisense A motion, as the company CEO. Shu-Min at later recalled: "I do not know if I always check why. Then I feel not qualified, I told the week to say I do not know the financial management of marketing do not know, but to manage enterprises, these certainly are necessary to get to know. However, the total weeks on I trust, he only said two words to me?? You no problem. "

A motion on trust, so that in the Shu-Min also believe no problem. Sure enough, a depression in the home appliance industry in 2000, Hisense sales rose 63.36 percent. A motion assessment: "2000 is the year of the fastest growing over the years."

Shu-Min is seems, lies in the management of simplifying. She once said the two stories: One time, Qingdao TV market price of chaos, all businesses have their own interests to price war. To this end, Hisense organized a business gatherings, at which she asked three questions: the first is the question which is not a business should be dealt with by everyone? Business that is; the second question would suit businesses tackle the problem together? Businesses that meet; third is the question we are not there should be a uniform price? Businesses that should be.

In Shu-min closed?? Who do not comply with the price, if so, no matter what his background relations, Hisense have broken his goods. "In this way, a headache for merchants and manufacturers have the problem to be solved. If the complex deal, consider too much, perhaps this issue can not be resolved now." She said.

She also had a training of cadres

principle: do not obey a distribution-free in the end. On one occasion a senior manager positions are not subject to mobilization, to discuss how to dispose of him, came out the various complex factors, and some people say that a person can not be a free in the end. But she was adamant in that the cadres and the quality has been does not have the training, must be punished, if not punishment, it would be bad to head with other cadres.

Hisense subsequent development so that we again admire China's first generation of entrepreneurs in the use of personnel. Shu-Min and Zhou Houjian in the division of labor is the week to exercise the powers of chairman for Hisense to develop strategic direction; in Shu-Min in charge of specific operations, the implementation of group strategy. Shu-Min is with the super execution protection, since 2000, A motion to lead Hisense steadily to the "strong first do a large" strategic direction.

Hisense's traditional business is TV, this area is A motion that should first and stronger. 2000, A motion to convene a core layer Hisense R & D center to meet to discuss whether to commence its digital TV chip. As the project is very risky, fierce debate. But Zhou Houjian opinionated, he high input, high-return industry convinced the law, eventually Hisense R & D project team set up a chip. In 2005, the accumulated investment of more than 3,000 yuan, the Hisense independent research and development of digital TV, "the letter core" have come, Premier Wen Jiabao said in his written instruction: Hisense Group, congratulated the successful development of digital video chip and bulk listing. Based on independent R & D and technological innovation, business vitality; with independent intellectual property rights and core technologies, enterprise be competitive.

Cut into the air conditioning industry from 1996 to 2001, acquisition of snow into the refrigerator industry in Beijing, Hisense white goods business has developed rapidly in 2005, Hisense Air took over Greencool holds 26.43 percent stake in Kelon Electric. In 2006, in Shu-min has a Renke Long chairman of the board, she announced that Hisense and Kelon rely on strong productivity and ability to open up international markets, Hisense Group will achieve 100 billion yuan in 2010 sales.

Read more on Hisense CEO at Shu…

As we get older, joint pain becomes more of an issue. This can mainly be due to the thinning of the cartilage and as a result arthitis begins to take a hold. Sure enough, we crave natural joint pain relief and strive to find that perfect solution that will allow us to carry on with our lives pain free. Below are some strategies to bring you that desired pain relief.

Read more on 100% Natural Drug Free Pain Relief) For your Joints – 3 Amazing Tips To Leave You Pain Free…

When you buy a phone on a contract from a carrier, it will cost you very little for many features. However then you will be locked to use that phone only on that carrier and will have to take the package which the carriers have decided on. Getting an unlocked phone solves this problem. Basically an unlocked phone is a phone in which you can use the network of any carrier provided you have a SIM card for that carrier. Unlocked means you are not bound by any contract and thus can use any carrier you want on your cell phone.

Read more on Cheap Mobile Mysteries: What Does Unlocked Mean?…

USA releases

1935 Deluxe First Edition (2002 re-production)

Copyright date: 1937/2002

Released by: Winning Moves Games

Issued through: General release

Free Parking

Kentucky Avenue

$220

Chance

Indiana Avenue

$220

Illinois Avenue

$240

B&O Railroad

$200

Atlantic Avenue

$260

Ventnor Avenue

$260

Water Works

$150

Marvin Gardens

$280

Go To Jail

New York Avenue

$200

1935 Deluxe First Edition (2002 re-production)

Pacific Avenue

$300

Tennessee Avenue

$180

North Carolina Avenue

$300

Community Chest

Community Chest

St. James Place

$180

Pennsylvania Avenue

$320

Pennsylvania Railroad

$200

Short Line

$200

Virginia Avenue

$160

Chance

States Avenue

$140

Park Place

$350

Electric Company

$150

Luxury Tax

(pay $100)

St. Charles Place

$140

Boardwalk

$400

In Jail/Just Visiting

Connecticut Avenue

$120

Vermont Avenue

$100

Chance

Oriental Avenue

$100

Reading Railroad

$200

Income Tax (pay 10% or $300)

Baltic Avenue

$60

Community Chest

Mediter-ranean Avenue

$60

Go

(collect $200)

Game description: This is a reproduction of a 1935 Monopoly set (specifically the Deluxe Edition #9). The board has the imprint “1933, Chas B. Darrow” in the Jail corner, and the Parker Brothers signature in the Go corner. Many of the graphics are the same, though the icon for Community Chest had not been designed. The Income Tax space is also Pay 10% or $300, instead of the later Pay 10% or $200. Property values are omitted from the board (they were not printed on the original) a Banker’s Rate Card is included with those values, as well as Mortgage values, and the required interest and repayment rates if a property is mortgaged. The property, Chance and Community Chest cards are all reprints from the 1935 edition, and the latter two types feature artwork that was replaced after the development of the more familiar Uncle Pennybags/Mr. Monopoly figure, and had not been seen since 1935. Some boards came with two packs of currency, instead of the usual one. The dice are a standard black pips on white dice, and the houses and hotels are both wooden.

Tokens: A lantern, an iron, a thimble, a rocking horse, a purse, a battleship, a cannon, a tophat, a shoe and a car.

Other features: Some of the cards feature instructions that were changed after 1935, such as “A collection has been taken up and everyone must donate 10% of his holdings to you (cash),” and “We’re off the Gold Standard, collect $50.”

 

Atlantic City

Released by: Parker Brothers

Issued through: General release

Free Parking

Kentucky Avenue

$220

Chance

Indiana Avenue

$220

Illinois Avenue

$240

B&O Railroad

$200

Atlantic Avenue

$260

Ventnor Avenue

$260

Water Works

$150

Marvin Gardens

$280

Go To Jail

New York Avenue

$200

Atlantic City

Pacific Avenue

$300

Tennessee Avenue

$180

North Carolina Avenue

$300

Community Chest

Community Chest

St. James Place

$180

Pennsylvania Avenue

$320

Pennsylvania Railroad

$200

Short Line

$200

Virginia Avenue

$160

Chance

States Avenue

$140

Park Place

$350

Electric Company

$150

Luxury Tax

(pay $100)

St. Charles Place

$140

Boardwalk

$400

In Jail/Just Visiting

Connecticut Avenue

$120

Vermont Avenue

$100

Chance

Oriental Avenue

$100

Reading Railroad

$200

Income Tax

(pay $200)

Baltic Avenue

$60

Community Chest

Mediter-ranean Avenue

$60

Go

(collect $200)

 

Atlantic City (pre 2008)

Released by: Parker Brothers

Issued through: General release

Free Parking

Kentucky Avenue

$220

Chance

Indiana Avenue

$220

Illinois Avenue

$240

B&O Railroad

$200

Atlantic Avenue

$260

Ventnor Avenue

$260

Water Works

$150

Marvin Gardens

$280

Go To Jail

New York Avenue

$200

Atlantic City (pre 2008)

Pacific Avenue

$300

Tennessee Avenue

$180

North Carolina Avenue

$300

Community Chest

Community Chest

St. James Place

$180

Pennsylvania Avenue

$320

Pennsylvania Railroad

$200

Short Line

$200

Virginia Avenue

$160

Chance

States Avenue

$140

Park Place

$350

Electric Company

$150

Luxury Tax

(pay $75)

St. Charles Place

$140

Boardwalk

$400

In Jail/Just Visiting

Connecticut Avenue

$120

Vermont Avenue

$100

Chance

Oriental Avenue

$100

Reading Railroad

$200

Income Tax(pay 10% or $200)

Baltic Avenue

$60

Community Chest

Mediter-ranean Avenue

$60

Go

(collect $200)

 

A

American Chopper Edition

The American Express Funds Edition

Copyright date: 2000

Released by: American Express Mutual Fund Co. (AXP Funds), a subsidiary at the time of American Express, Inc., under license from USAopoly

Issued through: Not sold to the public. This was a limited release used by the company as a promotional prize to its financial advisors.

Game description: Only 2000 games were ever produced, the minimum run allowed at the time by USAopoly. The game was distributed in the year 2000 by the American Express Funds Company to its captive network of financial advisors. The intent was to reward advisors who sold a high volume of American Express Funds and to encourage other advisors to increase their sales of AXP funds. The game was designed so that the advisors could also give the game to their clients or use it as a sales tool to introduce AXP funds. The board was populated by various AXP Mutual Funds, with the places of Boardwalk and Park Place taken by AXP New Dimensions and AXP Growth, two of the company’s best performing funds at the time. Because securities are a regulated industry, the game had to meet NASD legal requirements, which required careful wording of everything to avoid misleading investors. In 2005, American Express Financial Advisors was spun off from its parent company, American Express, Inc. It is now Ameriprise Financial, Inc. and the AXP Funds Company is now RiverSource Funds.

Tokens: To reduce costs, the traditional pewter tokens were used.

Other features: Chance and Community Chest cards were replaced due to legal concerns to Service and Planning Cards. A package of 32 Asset Allocations 12 Comprehensive Plans were also included.

 

Auburn University Edition (Auburnopoly)

B

Bass Fishing Lakes Edition

Batman Edition

Batman and Robin Edition

BBK Clinical Research and Development Edition

Birdopoly (Bird Edition)

The Beatles Edition

Released by: Apple Studios

Issued through: General Release

Game description: The Beatles Collector’s Edition replaces all normal properties with Beatles albums and other points of interest, and includes every single known album ever produced by The Beatles, listed in chronological order from their release dates. It also includes special Fabs versions of the pewter tokens. Many other aspects of the game are changed. For example, the railroads are concert tickets, chance and community chest are The Fab Four and Beatlemania, the houses (white) and hotels (black) are listening parties and concerts, and money is called love, a reference to All You Need Is Love.

Tokens: An octopus (Octopus Garden), a walrus (I Am The Walrus), a strawberry (Strawberry Fields Forever), a raccoon (Rocky Raccoon), the sun (Here Comes The Sun), and a hammer (Maxwell Silver Hammer)

 

Berkshire Hathaway Diamond Edition

Best Buy Corp. Edition

Betty Boop Edition

Bible Edition (Bibleopoly)

Boston Celtics Edition

Boy Scouts of America Edition

Bratz Edition

Buckeye-opoly. A localized version set on the Ohio State campus.

C

California Centers Magazine Edition

Casey’s Caseyopoly

Cat Lover’s Edition

50th Anniversary Chevy Corvette Edition

Chicago Cubs Edition

Chicago White Sox World Series 1917-2005 Edition

Chocolateopoly Edition

Christmas Story Edition

Clemsonopoly (Clemson University Edition)

Coca-Cola Edition

Coca-Cola Classic Ads Edition

D

The .com Edition

Copyright date: 2000

Released by: Parker Brothers/Hasbro

Issued through: General release

Game description: This was a special edition to capitalize on the dot Com craze of the late 1990s. The properties feature the logos of many Internet companies, including Yahoo!, E*TRADE, eBay and Priceline. Currency was changed so that it was denominated in millions of dollars; the dark purple properties sold at $60 million each, and the dark blue properties sold at $350 million and $400 million. Community Chest became Download and Chance became E-mail Just In! Houses and hotels were changed from their familiar green and red colors to blue and red, and were renamed Households and Offices. The Income Tax space remained fairly similar (10% or $200 million), but the Luxury Tax space became ISP Fee: Pay $75 million. The four railroad spaces became four companies involved in telecommunications: Nokia, MCI Worldcom, Sprint and AT&T. The two utilities became Linux and Sun Microsystems. Trademark disclaimers were made for all participating companies in fine print on the game board itself.

Tokens: Eight pewter tokens were available, plus a special Mr. Monopoly at his computer token that could be used as a game piece, or for a special rule variant. The other eight tokens are: a computer desktop (tower, monitor and keyboard), a pointing hand (such as the icon that appears in many web browsers when the mouse pointer hovers over a hyperlink), a surfboard, a flat panel monitor, a mouse (made to look like a real mouse, instead of a computer mouse), another hand holding an envelope (supposedly representing e-mail), a pixelated arrow cursor and a microchip made to look like a bug.

Other features: This edition introduced an offline rule, for optional use with the Mr. Monopoly at his computer token. This token is moved onto any space that has a Title Deed card whenever any player moves doubles. That space is considered offline, and no rent can be collected for it unless someone rolls doubles again and moves the token, or someone lands on the space and moves the token (bringing the site back online, thus rent can be charged for it again the next time someone lands on the space, provided the special token wasn’t returned there in the meantime).

 

Disney Theme Park Edition

Issued through: Available only in Disney theme parks.

Game description: This is a special edition sold only in Disney theme parks. The game comes in a tin with a quarter-fold board. Properties have been replaced by various attraction in Disney theme parks around the world. The railroads are replaced with a form of transportation used in each of four Disney parks: The Disneyland Monorail, the Disneyland Paris Train, the Tokyo Disneyland Boat (which is actually used in Tokyo DisneySea), and the Walt Disney World Bus. Chance and Community Chest have become Wishing Well and Magic Lamp, respectively. Houses became Main Street Buildings, and hotels became Castles (which came in two designs, one modeled after Sleeping Beauty Castle and the other after Cinderella Castle). The money is slightly smaller than the original and are referred to as wishes instead of dollars; however, they’re included in the same denominations and colors as the original game. The game also includes a black plastic tray with slots which can be used to hold the banker’s wishes in a vertical position.

Tokens: Tokens are pewter and include a Splash Mountain log, a monorail cab, a Mr. Toad’s Wild Ride car, an Astro Orbiter rocket, a ship from Tokyo DisneySea, a train locomotive, a Mad Tea Party teacup, and a Haunted Mansion Doom Buggy. In the newest edition there are different tokens then in the first edition. Also they added Expedition Everest as the best property. In this newer,still special edition, there are “Sorcerer’s hat” and “Magic Mirror” instead of Wishing Well and Magic Lamp.

 

Disney Pixar Edition

The Dog Artist Edition

Dog Lover’s Edition

Dominick’s Collector’s Edition

Copyright date: 2006

Released by: USAopoly under license from Hasbro

Issued through: Exclusive to Dominick’s supermarkets.

Game description: In December 2006, the Dominick’s division of Safeway, Inc. produced a Collector’s Edition Monopoly set, honoring the chain’s approximately ninety-year history. The game board has been changed to reflect departments within Dominick’s supermarkets, with properties such as Grocery Department, Frozen Department, Dairy Department, Health & Beauty Department and Bakery Department. The four railroads became the Commissary, Donna’s Distribution, Distribution Center and CPS Warehouse. Community Chest and Chance became Plastic and Paper (bags), respectively, with themes such as “Store Manager caught standing on a milk crate! Pay each player $50 for setting a bad example.” The Electric Company and Water Works became Ludwig Dairy and Rancher’s Reserve Ranch respectively. Income Tax and Luxury Tax kept their usual amounts, but became Repair Fee and Charitable Donation respectively.

Tokens: Tokens are pewter and include: a shopping cart, an apple, a pizza, a cash register, a gallon of milk and a truck bearing the Dominick’s logo.

Other features: Properties, houses, hotels and currency retained their usual colors, based on the US Standard Edition. Houses and Hotels also retain the same shape, but are known as New Products and Merchandise Displays respectively. The currency features the Monopoly logo in a banner scroll at the top of every bill, and each uses the Chicago skyline as a full backdrop. The varying denominations each have a different Dominick’s corporate logo from the company’s history, with the exception of the 20, which uses the logo for the now defunct Omni Superstore, a former Dominick’s division.

 

Doraemon Edition

Duel Masters Edition

Dale Earnhardt Edition (The first edition based on a person.)

E

ESPN Ultimate Sports Fan Edition

East Longmeadow Edition

Electronic Banking Edition

Elvis Monopoly

European Edition

F

Family Guy Edition

Fantastic Four Edition

Federal Express FedEx Edition

Florida State University Edition

Ford Edition

G

Garfield Edition

General Mills Edition

Copyright date: 2006

Released by: Parker Brothers/Hasbro

Issued through: General Mills Employees

Game description: This is a limited edition item made available to employees only! Rumor has it only 1300 of these games were made.

Tokens: General Mills characters: Hamburger Helper Helping Hand, Betty Crocker Spoon, Trix Rabbit, Lucky Leprecheun, Cheerios Racecar, Totino’s Pizza, Green Giant Sprout, and the Pillsbury Doughboy.

 

Golf Edition

Copyright date: 1996

Released by: USAopoly

Issued through: General release

Free Parking

Doral

$220

Chance

La Quinta

$220

PGA West

$240

Nabisco Dinah Shore

$200

Kapaulua

$260

Spyglass Hill

$260

Water Works

$150

Bay Hill

$280

Go To Jail

PGA Tour

$200

Golf Edition

Ahworth Golf Company

$300

Senior PGA Tour

$180

Top Flite

$300

Community Chest

Community Chest

LPGA

$180

Callaway

$320

AT&T Pebble Beach

$200

The Players Championship

$200

TPC Sawgrass

$160

Chance

TPC Woodlands

$140

Pinehurst

$350

Electric Company

$150

Luxury Tax

(pay $100)

TPC Scottsdale

$140

Pebble Beach

$400

In Jail/Just Visiting

The Homestead

$120

Aviara Golf Club

$100

Chance

Torrey Pines

$100

Andersen Consulting World Golf Championship

$200

City Tax (pay 10% or $300)

Golf Digest

$60

Community Chest

Golf World

$60

Go

(collect $200)

Game description: This is the 1996 Golf Edition of Monopoly. The gameplay is the same as in the regular version. The only noticeable differences are that the regular properties are replace with Golf Clubs and Championships, and that the Income Tax is renamed City Tax.

Tokens: A car, a Top Hat, A shoe, a timble, a iron, a battleship, a horse & rider, a wheelbarrow, a dog, and a wheel.

Other features: {{{Other_features}}}

 

H

Hard Rock Cafe Edition

Harley Davidson Edition

Heinz Edition

Here and Now Edition

Copyright date: 2006

Released by: Parker Brothers/Hasbro

Issued through: General U.S. release

Game description: In April 2006, Hasbro launched a promotion through their monopoly.com website to select properties for a US version of the Here and Now Edition. The first Here and Now Edition of Monopoly had launched successfully in the UK in 2005. Like the UK edition, the US version has been updated for the twenty-first century, with higher property values and updated scenarios on the Chance cards and Community Chest cards. But unlike the UK edition, properties that appear on the US version were selected by visitors to monopoly.com, choosing one of three landmarks for each of twenty-two US cities. The voting lasted for three weeks. The landmark with the highest vote total per city is displayed on the final board, and the cities that received the most total votes have the highest property values, while those with the lowest total votes received the lowest property values. Thus New York City and Boston, Massachusetts have the dark blue properties, and Cleveland, Ohio and Dallas, Texas have the dark purple properties. The railroads became the four busiest airports in the US: Chicago’s O’Hare International, Los Angeles International, New York City’s John F. Kennedy International Airport, and Atlanta’s Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport. The Income Tax space remained the same, though it becomes 10% or $2,000,000, but the Luxury Tax space changed to Interest on Credit Card Debt: Pay $750,000. The Electric Company became Cell Phone Service and the Water Works became Internet Service.

Tokens: There are eight pewter tokens: a laptop, a labradoodle, a jet plane, a Motorola RAZR phone, a New Balance running shoe, a Toyota Prius, a cup of Starbucks coffee and a container of McDonald’s french fries.

Other features: A two page document about the voting process and protests by cities which were not included as candidates for the final board is included with the game, particularly that by Atlantic City, New Jersey, which remains the setting of the US Standard Edition and the Mega Edition. Houses and hotels retained their familiar shapes, but became blue and silver plastic, respectively. Similarly, the tops of the Community Chest and Chance cards are no longer yellow and orange, but became blue and silver, respectively.

 

Here and Now: World Edition

Copyright date: 2008

Free Parking

Sydney

2.2M

Chance

New York City

2.2M

London

2.4M

Monopoly Cruise

Beijing

2.6M

Hong Kong

2.6M

Wind Energy

Jerusalem

2.8M

Go To Jail

Vancouver

2M

Here and Now: World Edition

Paris

3M

Shanghai

1.8M

Belgrade

3M

Community Chest

Community Chest

Rome

1.8M

Cape Town

3.2M

Monopoly Air

Monopoly Space

Toronto

1.6M

Chance

Kiev

1.4M

Riga

3.5M

Solar Energy

1.5M

Luxury Tax

(pay 1M)

Istanbul

1.4M

Montreal

4M

In Jail/Just Visiting

Athens

1.2M

Barcelona

1M

Chance

Tokyo

1M

Monopoly Rail

Income Tax

(pay 2M)

Taipei

600k

Community Chest

Gdynia

600k

Go

(collect 2M)

Other features: M equals million. Pay 2M equals Pay $2,000,000

 

Hershey Park Edition (Hershey Parkopoly)

Horse Edition

Huskeropoly Edition

I

I Love Lucy Edition

I Love Lucy: California Here We Come Edition

Inflatable Edition

Indiana Jones Edition

J

James Bond 007: Collector’s Edition

Copyright date: 2006

Released by: USAopoly under license from Sony/MGM and Hasbro

Issued through: General release

Game description: This edition focuses solely on James Bond movies, though the three non-Eon versions have been omitted. The only property on the board that is not a movie is 007 Assignment; the twenty-first movie, the 2006 Casino Royale is included. The Chance and Community Chest spaces have been replaced by: Bond Women and Bond Villains. There is a different colour photo on top of each card. The railways have been replaced by: Aston Martin DB5, Mustang, Lotus Esprit and Aston Martin DBS. The Luxury tax space has been replaced by Casino Tax.

Tokens: 007 logo, Aston Martin DBS, Lotus Esprit sub, BD-5J, Rosa Klebb’s Shoe and Oddjob’s Hat.

 

Juicy Couture Edition

Justice League Of America Edition

K

KISSopoly

L

Lionel Trains Edition

Littlest Pet Shop Edition

Looney Tunes Collectors Edition

Looney Tunes: Official Classic Cartoon Edition

Copyright date: 1999

Released by: Parker Brothers/Hasbro

Issued through: Warner Brothers Studio Store

Game description: This was a numbered, limited edition board. Properties bear the names of actual Looney Tunes cartoons. Utilities have the Acme name, and railroads become Rocket Airlines, Witch Hazel’s Shuttle, Marvin the Martian’s Taxi and Wile E. Delivery. Currency was denominated as laughs (1 laugh, 5 laughs, 10 laughs, etc.). Orange What’s Up, Doc? cards replaced Chance, and yellow That’s All Folks! cards replaced Community Chest. Grey plastic television sets replaced houses, gold movie theaters replaced hotels. Set also comes with a pewter Looney Tunes Trophy which can be awarded to the winner.

Tokens: Eight pewter tokens: Bugs Bunny, Marvin the Martian, Road Runner, Tasmanian Devil, Sylvester, Tweety Pie, Daffy Duck and Wile E. Coyote.

Other features: Rule variation: doubles take on extra meanings, or Looney Tunes effects. Extra tasks can be carried out depending on the value of the dice roll (double ones, double twos, etc.).

 

The Lord of the Rings Edition

M

Marvel Super Heroes Edition

Marshall Field’s Edition

Copyright date: 1997

Released by: USAopoly, Inc. under license from Hasbro

Issued through: Marshall Field’s stores

Game description: This edition is essentially a customized game board sold at Marshall Field’s stores in 1997. The board itself consists of locations and items best known at the chain’s flagship store (111 North State Street, Chicago, Illinois, USA): the Walnut Room, the English Room, the Tiffany Dome, the Atrium Fountain, etc. The railroads consist of three CTA rapid transit lines and one station: The Lake/Dan Ryan Line, the Ravenswood Line, the Evanston Express and Union Station. Community Chest, Chance, the Electric Company and Water Works remained unchanged, although the Community Chest and Chance cards were updated for the new property names. The Income Tax space became a City Tax (with the same rates), and currency bears the Marshall Field’s logo. Houses and hotels are the standard plastic green and red, respectively.

Tokens: The tokens are the same as in a U.S. standard edition set as of 1997: cannon, boot, thimble, wheelbarrow, car, horse and rider, dog, hat, battleship and iron.

 

Monopoly Junior (U.S. version)

Uncle Pennybag’s Loose Change

Chance

Video Arcade

$3

Haunted House

$3

Chance

Blue Line Railway (Roll Again)

Helicopter Ride

$4

Pony Ride

$4

Pay $2 To See The Water Show

Chance

Pay $3 To Take The Bus To The Cafe

Mini Golf

$3

Monopoly Junior (U.S. version)

Dodgems

$4

Water Slide

$3

Big Wheel

$4

Green Line Railway (Roll Again)

Red Line Railway (Roll Again)

Paddle Boats

$2

Loop The Loop

$5

Merry-Go-Round

$2

Roller Coaster

$5

Cafe

Chance

Pay $2 To See The Fireworks

Magic Show

$2

Puppet Show

$2

Yellow Line Railway (Roll Again)

Chance

Candy Floss

$1

Balloon Stand

$1

Chance

Go

(collect $2 pocket money)

Game description: A simplified version of the board game Monopoly, aimed at young children. It has a smaller, rectangular board and instead of being based on street names it is based on a funfair, to make it more child-friendly.

See also: Monopoly Junior

Other features: There are different versions of the game, such as Dig’n Dinos, a Disney Channel version, and a Canadian version. In the Canadian version Cafe is Lunch and Uncle Pennybags is Mr. Monopoly.

Image at unclesgames.com

 

Monopoly: The Mega Edition

Copyright date: 2006

Released by: Winning Moves Games

Issued through: Initially, Game Specialty Stores and Winning Moves’ own website; later, Toys “R” Us stores

Free Parking

Kentucky Avenue

$220

Chance

Indiana Avenue

$220

Illinois Avenue

$240

Michigan Avenue

$240

Bus Ticket

B&O Railroad

$200

Atlantic Avenue

$260

Ventnor Avenue

$260

Water Works

$150

Marvin Gardens

$280

California Avenue

$280

Go To Jail

New York Avenue

$200

Monopoly: The Mega Edition

Pacific Avenue

$300

New Jersey Avenue

$200

South Carolina Avenue

$300

Tennessee Avenue

$180

North Carolina Avenue

$300

Community Chest

Community Chest

St. James Place

$180

Pennsylvania Avenue

$320

Pennsylvania Railroad

$200

Short Line

$200

Virginia Avenue

$160

Chance

States Avenue

$140

Birthday Gift

take $100 or a Bus Ticket

Electric Company

$150

Florida Avenue

$350

St. Charles Place

$140

Park Place

$350

Maryland Avenue

$140

Luxury Tax

(pay $75)

Auction any unowned property

Boardwalk

$400

In Jail/Just Visiting

Connecticut Avenue

$120

Vermont Avenue

$100

Gas Company

$150

Chance

Oriental Avenue

$100

Massa-chusetts Avenue

$100

Reading Railroad

$200

Income Tax

(pay 10% or $200)

Arctic Avenue

$80

Baltic Avenue

$60

Community Chest

Mediterranean Avenue

$60

Go

collect $200 salary as you pass

Game description: This is an expanded edition of the classic game. The larger board encompasses 9 new properties (one for each Color Group and one new Utility) and three new spaces (AUCTION, BUS TICKET and BIRTHDAY GIFT). The gameplay is expedited by inclusion of a third Speed Die (which adds to or affects movement, or awards bonuses) and by an additional deck of 16 Bus Ticket cards (which allow forward movement to any space on the side currently occupied by a player’s token; 3 of the cards also negate Tickets held by players by having them expire). It is also enhanced by the inclusion of 8 Skyscrapers (which can be built on full monopolies after Hotels are erected) and 4 Train Depots (which double the rent values of the Railroad spaces).

See also: Monopoly: The Mega Edition

Tokens: The current group of eleven standard tokens are included (cannon, boot, thimble, wheelbarrow, car, horse and rider, dog, hat, battleship, iron & money bag).

Other features: Because of the additional properties, the gameboard is approx. 50% bigger, and the set includes grey-colored $1000 bills. Players start the game with $2500 (adding a $1000 bill to the standard $1500 distribution in the regular game). In addition, gameplay allows players to build Houses and Hotels on a Color Group if they have a Majority Ownership (own all but one of the properties in the Group), but Skyscrapers can only be built on a full Monopoly (owning all the properties in the given Group).

 

Michael Graves Design Edition

Copyright date: 2002

Released by: Parker Brothers/Hasbro

Issued through: Target stores

Game description: This is a special edition of the standard U.S. Atlantic City board and properties. The set comes in a hardwood case, which can be folded out. A drawer in the front of the case holds the money, cards, tokens, houses and hotels. The houses and hotels feature new designs, and come in light blue and red, instead of the standard green and red.

Tokens: Tokens

 

Mayberry Edition |- Michigan State University Edition (Spartanopoly)

Mickey Mouse 75th Anniversary Edition

Copyright date: 2004

Released by: USApoly under licenses from The Walt Disney Company and Hasbro

Issued through: General release

Game description: As part of Disney’s 75th anniversary of Mickey Mouse, a special edition of Monopoly was released with properties being many of Mickey’s famous cartoon appearances. Depicted cartoons include Steamboat Willie, The Band Concert, The Prince and the Pauper and Mickey’s appearance in Fantasia. The four railroads are depicted by four television series: The Mickey Mouse Club, The Wonderful World of Disney, The Mouse Factory and House of Mouse. Community Chest and Chance became Original Mickey and Present Day Mickey respectively. The Income Tax space became Magic Broom Flood Damage, depicting a broom from The Sorcerer’s Apprentice from Fantasia. The Luxury Tax space became Dog License, depicting Pluto. The Electric Company became Mickey Avenue on the Walt Disney Studios lot, and Water Works became Walt Disney Studios.

Tokens: Six pewter tokens are included: Mickey Mouse, Minnie Mouse, Donald Duck, Daisy Duck, Pluto and Goofy.

 

Millenium Edition (2000)

Mississippi State University Edition (M-Stateopoly)

Monopoly City

Muppets Edition

Mustang (Ford) Edition

Mustang (Ford) 40th Anniversary Edition

My American Idol Edition

My Disney Villains Edition

My Fantasy Baseball Edition

My MLB Edition

My NBA Edition

My NFL Edition

My NHL Edition

N

NASCAR Nextel Cup Series Edition

National Parks Edition

NFL Edition

NHL Edition

NHL Original Six Edition

New York Mets Edition

New York Yankees Edition

Night Sky Edition

Nintendo Collector’s Edition

Copyright date: 2006

Released by: USAopoly under license from Hasbro

Issued through: General release

Game description: This Nintendo Collector’s Edition features characters from Nintendo’s most popular video game series, including Mario, Metroid, and Zelda. The property spaces are replaced with characters from the games. Each color set represents characters from the same series or game. For instance, the green spaces are Ganondorf, Princess Zelda, and Link. The board background is also made up of a huge number of screenshots of Nintendo games from all series, systems, and generations. The Chance and Community Chest cards are replaced with Coin Block and ? Block cards.

Tokens: Six tokens: Koopa Shell, Mario’s Hat, DK Barrel, NES controller, Hylian Shield, Iron Boots.

 

Notre Dame Edition

Nightmare Before Christmas Edition

Parker Brothers Nostalgia Games Series Edition

Copyright date: 2001

Released by: Parker Brothers/Hasbro

Issued through: Target stores until 2005, general release (except Target stores) as of 2005.

Game description: This is a reproduction of a 1957 board and Monopoly set. It uses the standard U.S. Atlantic City properties. The set comes in a wooden case, with a lid that slides off, and holds the board, with compartments for the cards, tokens and paper money. A brief history of the game is reprinted inside the lid. The houses and hotels are similarly made of wood, and come in the original green for houses and red for hotels.

Tokens: Racecar, dog, top hat, thimble, locomotive and shoe.

Other features: Slats cut in the box’s wooden compartment dividers allow for storage of money by denomination during game play. This game was released as part of a series of Parker Brothers Nostalgia Games, and was exclusive to Target until the line was discontinued in 2005. Other retailers (such as Barnes and Noble Booksellers) bought up the remaining stock for sale. Target replaced the product line with the Hasbro Library series.

 

O

Ole Miss Edition

Olympic Games Centennial Edition

Onyx Limited Edition

Option One Mortgage Corporation Limited Edition

P

Peanuts Collector’s Edition

Copyright date: 2002

Released by: USAopoly under license from Hasbro. Peanuts design licensed from United Feature Syndicate, Inc.

Game description: This was a board released in 2002 to honor the comic strip Peanuts. The board features artwork by Charles M. Schulz; virtually all of the printed text on the box, the game board, the title deed, Chance and Community Chest cards, as well as the currency, is done in a style similar to the style Schulz used in writing out text in word balloons and thought balloons for his characters (this includes the four corner spaces, which rarely change for any licensed Monopoly game set). All of the currency features Snoopy: First Beagle on the Moon for the $1, as a frustrated writer in front of his typewriter for the $5, a golfer for the $10, a Beagle Scout for the $20, dressed in his Attorney outfit for the $50, the WWI flying ace on the $100 and Joe Cool on the $500. Properties are characters and situations from the strip’s 50 year history: Peppermint Patty and Marcie are one of the dark purple properties, Schroeder is a light purple property, Suppertime! is a green property, and Flying Ace is one of the dark blue properties. Community Chest was changed to Pitcher’s Mound and Chance became Psychiatric Booth, and the texts on their respective cards also reflect the theme. Houses were recolored brown, and have become nests. The Hotels stayed red, but have been renamed Dog Houses (as Snoopy’s own dog house was shown to be red). The utilities became Bus Stop and French Caf (instead of Electric Company and Water Works) and the tax spaces became No Valentine and Kite-Eating Tree (instead of Luxury Tax and Income Tax, though the spaces retained the usual rates). Railroads are replaced by holidays: Valentine’s Day, Thanksgiving Day, Christmas and Halloween.

Tokens: Six pewter collector’s tokens are included: Snoopy sleeping on top of his dog house, Snoopy’s supper dish, Woodstock, a football on a kicking tee, Schroeder’s piano, and Lucy’s psychiatric booth.

 

Pedigree Dog Lover’s Edition

Pennsylvania State University Edition (Penn State-opoly)

Pirates of the Caribbean Collector’s Edition

Copyright date: 2006

Released by: USAopoly under license from Parker Brothers/Hasbro

Pirates of the Caribbean elements licensed from Disney.

Issued through: General release

Game description: This edition of Monopoly was issued to coincide with the release of Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man’s Chest. It features special pewter tokens, money, and deed cards to items featured in the film and its predecessor, Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl. The Community Chest and Chance cards were replaced with Aztec Gold and Compass cards. Docks and Harbors were used in place of houses and hotels. Cursed Loot replaces the Income Tax space, various ships including the Interceptor, the Black Pearl, and the Flying Dutchman replace the railroads, and Davy Jones’ chest and key replace the utilities. The printed money continues the movies’ theme, printed to look like old cash certificates, but maintaining the usual colors for U.S. edition Monopoly money.

Tokens: Six pewter tokens which include the dog with the keys to the jail cell, Jack Sparrow’s Compass, a pirate skull, Jack the Monkey, Davy Jones’ Chest, and a cannon from the Black Pearl.

 

Pixar Edition

Pokmon Edition (1999)

Copyright date: 1999

Released by: Parker Brothers

Issued through: General release

Game description: The Pokmon edition is based on the Pokmon Red and Blue video games, with minor influences from the Pokmon anime. Each color group represents the eight Pokmon Gyms of the Kanto region, and each property represents a particular Pokmon used at the Gym. A player is said to have won the corresponding Gym Badge if they have all of the Pokmon in the gym. Pok Balls are used for the four railroads, while Articuno and Zapdos represents Water Works and the Electric Company, respectively. Gary Oak and Team Rocket represent Income Tax and Luxury Tax, respectively. Players earn Pokdollars (the currency of the games), which feature Ash Ketchum and Pikachu on each denomination. Houses are represented by Pokmon Centers, while Pok Marts take the place of hotels. Professor Oak takes the place of Chance cards, while Trainer Battles (represented by Ash Ketchum and Pikachu) take the place of Community Chest cards.

Tokens: The standard edition comes with six pewter tokens, representing Charmander, Meowth, Pikachu, Poliwhirl, Psyduck, and Snorlax. The collector’s edition comes with six colored plastic tokens, representing Blastoise, Bulbasaur, Charmander, Clefairy, Mewtwo, and Pikachu.

Other features: An optional set of rules is featured that allow players to take special actions (Pokmon Powers) whenever doubles are rolled in lieu of taking an extra turn. They are as follows: moving to any space on the board (akin to Mewtwo’s Teleport), collect an extra 200 Pokdollars (akin to Clefairy’s Rest), collecting 50 Pokdollars from every player (akin to Bulbasaur’s Leech Seed), drawing a Professor Oak card, drawing a Trainer Battle card, and attacking another Pokmon. When choosing to attack another Pokmon, the player names any Pokmon held by an opponent that is not part of a completed color group (except for Articuno and Zapdos). The player and the property’s owner both roll the dice, with the player rolling the higher number keeping control of the Pokmon (any ties result in a re-roll).

 

Pokmon Edition (2001)

Copyright date: 2001

Released by: Parker Brothers

Issued through: General release

Game description: The Pokmon edition is based on the Pokmon Gold and Silver video games, with minor influences from the Pokmon anime. Like the previous edition, players earn Pokdollars, which feature Ash Ketchum and Pikachu on each denomination. Houses and hotels, as before, are represented by Pokmon Centers and Pok Marts. As before, each color group represent the eight Pokmon Gyms and each property represent the particular Pokmon used at the Gym, but are of the Johto region in this game (similarly, Professor Elm and not Professor Oak represents the Chance cards, while Ash Ketchum and Pikachu continue to represent the Community Chest cards, which are simply termed Ash cards in this game). Unlike the previous edition, the Zephyr and Hive Badges, the first two obtained in the video games, take the place of the utilities, while Chikorita, Cyndaquil, Totodile, and Heracross represent the four railroads. Gary Oak and Team Rocket represent Income Tax and Luxury Tax, respectively.

Tokens: The collector’s edition comes with six colored plastic tokens, representing Bellossom, Chikorita, Cyndaquil, Marill, Pikachu, and Totodile.

Other features: The same optional rules from the 1999 edition are also featured in this edition. The Pokmon representing some of these powers have changed to reflect the second generation of Pokmon games (Hoppip instead of Mewtwo, Bellossom using Absorb instead of Clefairy using Rest, and Skiploom instead of Bulbasaur). The four Pokmon representing the railroads may not be named in an attack.

 

The Powerpuff Girls Edition

Copyright date: 2001

Released by: Parker Brothers/Hasbro

Issued through: General release

Game description: This edition of Monopoly was based on the Cartoon Network series of the same name. The box lid is made of a special reflective foil paper. The game board features locations from the series’ fictional setting of The City of Townsville, illustrated with representative artwork. Community Chest and Chance are renamed into Forces of Evil and Hotline, respectively. The four railroads also become City of Townsville locations: Townsville Bank, Pokey Oaks School, The Mayor’s Office and The Museum. The utilities are the Power Plant and the Water Tower. All of the currency features the face of The Mayor. This edition also features purple, stackable buildings in place of houses, and pink skyscrapers in place of hotels.

Tokens: Six full color plastic tokens were included: Blossom, Bubbles, Buttercup, The Mayor, Ms. Keane and Professor Utonium. In addition three cardboard punchout tokens are available, which can be used as regular playing tokens, or for a special rule variation. The three tokens represent Mojo Jojo, Fuzzy Lumpkins and Sedusa.

Other features: A special, optional set of rules was included for the three villain tokens. When using these rules, the three villains begin the game in Jail. Any of the three villain tokens can be moved from jail onto any property space (owned or unowned). If a villain token is moved onto an unowned property space, players who have enough money for the space can fight for it through rolls of the dice – the player with the highest dice roll wins the right to buy the property at its full printed value. If the villain was moved from jail to an owned property, the villain can prevent the owner from collecting rent. When another player (not the owner) lands on the occupied space, they must roll the dice. If a seven or higher is rolled, the villain is defeated and returned to jail, and no rent is owed. If a six or lower is rolled, the villain continues his/her/its occupation and rent is owed. If the owner lands on an occupied space, they too must roll – seven or higher returns the villain to jail, six or lower lets the villain token stay on that property. No penalty (or forced dice roll) is made if a villain token is moved onto a space already occupied by a player token.

 

Purdue University Edition (Purdueopoly)

Q

QVC

R

Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer Edition

Red Sox Edition

RIM (BlackBerry) 25th Anniversary Edition

S

Scooby-Doo Edition

Seattle Mariners Edition

Sephora Edition

Sesame Street Edition

Seventieth 70th Anniversary Edition (Collector’s Tin)

Copyright date: 2005

Released by: Parker Brothers/Hasbro

Issued through: General release

Game description: This anniversary edition came in a silver colored collector’s tin with an outer plastic cover. Some copies came with a card, imprinted with a code, which could be used for a special anniversary contest: the chance to win US $15,140, which is the total amount of money included in every U.S. Monopoly game. The board is foil-wrapped, and the center artwork is done in a 1930s-art deco style, as are the playing tokens, houses and hotels. The currency and cards are also imprinted with a special art deco/70th anniversary motif.

Tokens: These are chrome-plated art-deco renderings of standard tokens: A dog, a speedboat, a locomotive, a ladies’ high-heeled shoe, a wheelbarrow, an iron, a tophat, a thimble, a sportscar, a sack of money, a cannon and a horse with rider.

Other features: Each of the twelve hotels has a unique design, and the thirty-two houses come in four distinct styles.

 

Sheraton Edition

Shrek Edition

The Simpsons Edition

Copyright date: 2003

Released by: USAopoly under license from Hasbro

Issued through: General release

Free Parking

Ye Olde Off Ramp Inn

$220

Chance

Rancho Relaxo

$220

Sleep Eazy Motel

$240

Shelbyville Express

$200

The Frying Dutchman

$260

The Happy Sumo

$260

Springfield Dam Hydroelectric Company

$150

The Gilded Truffle

$280

Go To Jail

Barneys Bowl-a-Rama

$200

The Simpsons Edition

Duff Gardens

$300

Sir Putt-a-Lots

$180

Itchy and Scratchy Land

$300

Community Chest

Community Chest

Noiseland Video Arcade

$180

Krustylu Studios

$320

Springfield Station

$200

Ogdenville Express

$200

Disco Stu’s

$160

Chance

The Jazz Hole

$140

Springfield Glen Country Club

$350

Springfield Nuclear Power Plant

$150

First Church of Springfield Offering Plate

(pay $100)

Moe’s Bar

$140

Burns Manor

$400

In Jail/Just Visiting

Kwik-E-Mart

$120

TheAndroids Dungeon

$100

Chance

Hermans Military Antiques

$100

North Haverbrook Express

$200

Legitimate Business men’s Protection Tax

(pay $200)

Cletus’ Shack

$60

Community Chest

Tire Yard

$60

Go

(collect $200)

Game description: This is a special The Simpsons edition. The properties were replaced by landmarks such as Moe’s Tavern and Mr. Burns Mansion, and every single card has been changed to reflect the theme.

Tokens: Eight tokens are included: The Springfield schoolbus, a donut, Homer, Bart in a Car, Jebediah Springfield, Kang the Alien, Blinky the Fish, and Santa’s Little Helper.

 

The Simpsons: Treehouse of Horror Edition

Snoopy: It’s a Dog’s Life Edition

Game description: Chance and Community Chest have been replaced by Lucy’s Pyschiatric Booth and Pitcher’s Mound. Properties are some of Snoopy’s favorite possessions.

Tokens: Snoopy, Charlie Brown, and others.

 

Snowboarding Edition

Spider-Man Edition

SpongeBob SquarePants Edition

Star Trek: The Next Generation Collectors’ Edition

Copyright date: 1998

Released by: USAopoly/Hasbro

Issued through: General release

Game description: First in a proposed series of four Star Trek Monopoly editions (only two were made; this and the Original Series edition listed below), the game’s elements drew heavily from the series’ seven-season run. The paper currency was made to be different values of gold-pressed latinum, houses became Galaxy-class Starships, hotels became Starbases, Community Chest and Chance became Starfleet Orders and Captain’s Log, respectively, and the cards were changed to reflect scenarios from different episodes, complete with the respective episode’s Stardate. The Electric Company became Warp Core, and the Water Works became Replicator. The four railroads became shuttlecraft of the Enterprise NCC-1701-D: Hawking, Magellan, Feynman and Justman. The property spaces became alien races or specific alien adversaries, such as the Ferengi, Bynars, Armus, the Borg or Q.

Tokens: Eight included tokens represented the characters of Jean-Luc Picard, William Riker, Data, Geordi La Forge, Worf, Beverly Crusher, Deanna Troi and Wesley Crusher. An included certificate allowed game owners to mail or fax USAopoly for four additional tokens, representing Tasha Yar, Katherine Pulaski, Miles Edward O’Brien and Guinan.

Other features: A numbered Certificate of Authenticity was included, with two signatures. One was from Rich Uncle Pennybags, the fictional spokes-character of Monopoly, and the other was from Majel Barrett Roddenberry. The instructions booklet was titled Prime Directive, and it indicated that this edition was to be the first of four Star Trek themed games intended for release (though only one other, based on the Original Series, was produced). If all four had been produced, they were intended to be linked in order to form a larger square board. Also included was an additional booklet, the U.S.S. Enterprise NCC-1701-D Ship’s Manifest/Alien Species Identification Guide. The booklet could be flipped so that one side or the other could be read.

 

Star Trek: The Original Series Limited Edition

Copyright date: 1998

Released by: USAopoly/Hasbro

Issued through: General release

Game description: Second in a proposed series of four Star Trek Monopoly editions (see entry on TNG edition above), the game’s elements drew heavily from the Original Series’ three-season run (but not the Animated Series). The paper currency was made to be different values of Federation Credits, houses became Constitution-class Starships, hotels became Starbases, Community Chest and Chance became Starfleet Orders and Captain’s Log, respectively, and the cards were changed to be scenarios from different episodes, complete with the respective episode’s Stardate. The Electric Company became Engineering, and the Water Works became Replicator. The four railroads became other Constitution-class Starships: The Constellation, the Intrepid, the Potemkin and the Defiant. The property spaces became aliens or specific adversaries, such as the Gorn, Kor, Nomad, tribbles, or the Keeper.

Tokens: Eight included tokens represented the characters of James T. Kirk, Spock, Leonard McCoy, Montgomery Scott, Hikaru Sulu, Nyota Uhura, Pavel Chekov and Christine Chapel. An included certificate allowed game owners to mail or fax USAopoly for two additional tokens, representing characters from the original Star Trek pilot The Cage: Christopher Pike and Number One.

Other features: A numbered Certificate of Authenticity was included, with two signatures. One was from Mr. Monopoly (the renamed Rich Uncle Pennybags), the fictional spokes-character of Monopoly, and the other was from William Shatner. The instructions booklet was titled Prime Directive, and it indicated that this edition was to be the second of four Star Trek themed games intended for release (though only one other, based on The Next Generation, was produced). If all four had been produced, they were intended to be linked in order to form a larger square board. (The instructions still give directions for playing with the boards from the two produced games.) Also included was an additional booklet, the U.S.S. Enterprise NCC-1701 Ship’s Manifest/Alien Species Identification Guide. The booklet could be flipped so that one side or the other could be read.

 

Star Wars Episode 1 Edition

Star Wars Original Trilogy Edition (1997)

Copyright date: 1997

Released by: Parker Brothers/Hasbro

Issued through: General release

Game description: To mark the 20th anniversary of the release of Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope, two versions of Monopoly were released. One was a numbered, limited edition, which came with special Imperial Credit coins. The other (photographed here), was a general release. Paper currency in both editions are also printed as Imperial Credits – Coruscant, but use Aurebesh on the paper (as well as Arabic numerals – a translation guide to Aurebesh is printed on the back of the rules booklet). The game board features artwork and locations from Episodes IV-VI (the Classic Trilogy). Community Chest becomes Rebel Cards and Chance becomes Imperial Cards. The four railroad spaces become the Millennium Falcon, X-Wing Fighter, Star Destroyer and TIE Fighter. The two utilities become Reactor Core and Moisture Farm and the two tax spaces become Docking Tax (10% or 200 credits) and Bounty (75 credits). Some of the artwork (such as the photo stills used for the Tatooine spaces) comes from the 1997 Special Edition releases of the Classic Trilogy, whereas the illustration for the Imperial Palace comes from original concept artwork.

Tokens: Nine pewter tokens were included: Darth Vader, an Imperial stormtrooper, Emperor Palpatine, Boba Fett, Obi-Wan Kenobi, Luke Skywalker, C-3PO, Princess Leia Organa and Han Solo.

Other features: Houses and hotels are replaced by X-Wing fighters and Corellian freighters (if the player is using a token of one of the rebels) or by TIE fighters and Star Destroyers (if the player is using the token of one of the Imperials (which includes Boba Fett). However, by standard Monopoly rules, only thirty-two maximum X-Wings/TIE Fighters are allowed to be in use (in place of houses), as well as a maximum of twelve Corellian freighters/Star Destroyers (in place of hotels).

 

Star Wars Original Trilogy Edition (2004)

Copyright date: 2004

Released by: Parker Brothers/Hasbro

Issued through: General release

Game description: This edition is essentially a re-release of the Classic Trilogy edition, above. The board game artwork did not change, nor did the Title Deed cards, paper currency, or Rebel/Imperial cards (in place of Community Chest and Chance, respectively). The outer box artwork was changed, and the board in this edition is a quarter fold (as opposed to the half fold version in the Classic Trilogy edition).

Tokens: Eight pewter tokens were included: Darth Vader (in a new pose), Luke Skywalker (in a new pose), Obi-Wan Kenobi (in a new pose), R2-D2, Grand Moff Tarkin, Lando Calrissian, a TIE fighter pilot, and a Tusken Raider.

Other features: See details in the Classic Trilogy edition listing, above. Gameplay variants are unchanged between the two releases.

 

Star Wars The Clone Wars Edition

St. Louis Cardinals World Series Championship Edition (2006)

Sun-Maid Edition

Superman Returns Edition

Surfing Edition

T

Target Corporation Edition

Texas A&M University Edition (Aggieolopy)

Tennessee Volunteers Edition

Ford Thunderbird 50th Anniversary Edition

Transformers Collector’s Edition

Copyright date: 2007

Released by: USAopoly, under license by Hasbro

Issued through: General retail

Game description: To help promote the release of the new Transformers live action film, Hasbro created a special board based on Generation 1 continuity. Chance and Community Chest cards have been replaced by Autobot and Decepticon cards, and require a card scanner to read them, much like the old tech specs on the back of Generation 1 packaging. Energon cubes and Anti-Matter replace houses and hotels, and new rules have been added for additional gameplay.

Tokens: 6 tokens are included, with each one based upon their appearances in Generation 1: Optimus Prime, Megatron, Starscream, Jazz, Bumblebee, and Soundwave.

 

Toys “R” Us 50th Anniversary Edition – Monopoly Deluxe Edition

Copyright date: 1998

Released by: Parker Brothers/Hasbro

Issued through: Toys “R” Us stores exclusive

Game description: To mark the 50th Anniversary of the Toys “R” Us toy store chain, its parent company released an exclusive Monopoly Deluxe Edition set. These are standard U.S. Deluxe Edition games, with the exceptions being the plastic sleeve having the 50 Years Forever Fun logo, and a different set of pewter tokens inside the box, replacing the regular Deluxe Edition tokens. A pewter medallion with the Toys “R” Us mascot, Geoffrey the Giraffe, was also included, to be placed in the center of the rotatable Title Deed card holder.

Tokens: Ten pewter tokens were included, nine of which represent popular toys by Hasbro, sold within Toys “R” Us stores. They are: Mr. Potato Head, G.I. Joe, Rich Uncle Pennybags (shortly before he was renamed Mr. Monopoly), an Easy-Bake Oven, a Tinkertoy, a log cabin made of Lincoln Logs, a can of Play-Doh, a Nerf football on a kickstand, and a Tonka dump truck. The tenth token is a bust of Toys “R” Us mascot Geoffrey the Giraffe.

 

U

United Parcel Service Edition

United States Air Force Edition

U.S. Army Edition

United States Marine Corps Edition

United States Navy Edition

United States Coast Guard Edition

University of Michigan Edition (Michiganopoly)

University of Texas at Austin Edition (Texasopoly)

U.S. Space Program Edition

Copyright date: 1998

Released by: USAopoly, Inc., under license from Hasbro

Issued through: General release

Game description: This edition was released in 1998, to highlight achievements of the U.S. Space Program, including the then-recent Mars Pathfinder mission, and to mark the fortieth anniversary of NASA. The board features photographs related to the U.S. Space Program from 1960-1990. Properties include TIROS-1, the X-15, missions from the Mercury, Gemini and Apollo and Shuttle programs. Railroads became the Redstone rocket, the Titan rocket, the Saturn V rocket and the Shuttle. Community Chest and Chance became Earth and Moon, respectively. The tax spaces became Payload Tax (10% or $200) and Docking Tax ($75). The Electric Company and Water Works spaces remained the same.

Tokens: Eight pewter tokens were included: A generic satellite, an Astronaut, a Shuttle (though without a vertical stabilizer), a Lunar Rover, an Apollo Space Capsule, a Lunar lander, the Mars Sojourner rover, and the Hubble Space Telescope.

Other features: The included Mission Manual (at the end of the rules booklet) explains the reasons behind the inclusion of the various Space Program missions on the game board. Currency features the Rich Uncle Pennybags character holding a space helmet and an American flag (rather than his usual tophat and cane). Houses and hotels retained their usual shapes, but became silver hangars and black space centers respectively.

 

V

Vintage Game Collection Edition

Virginia Techopoly Edition

Volopoly

W

The Wizard of Oz Collector’s Edition

Copyright date: 1998

Released by: USAopoly under license from Hasbro, Wizard of Oz film elements licensed from Turner Entertainment Company

Issued through: Originally exclusive to the Warner Brothers Studio Stores, copies also became available through USAopoly’s website and other retailers.

Game description: This was one of USAopoly’s first boards that mixed a popular film license with their license to produce themed Monopoly boards. For The Wizard of Oz, properties are placed around the board in a sequence roughly paralleling the plot of the movie. Thus the dark purple spaces feature stills from the sepia-toned sequences of Kansas, the light blue spaces are from Munchkinland, and the green spaces are from the Emerald City. The Income Tax space became Tornado Insurance, but the same rate applied. The four railroads became A Brain, A Heart, Courage and A Way Home. The Utilities remained the same, but the Electric Company is represented by a photo of the jolt that the Wicked Witch of the West received when trying to remove the Ruby Slippers, and the Water Works is represented by a photo of the sequence from the Wicked Witch melting (the space is also subtitled “I’m Melting!!!”). The Community Chest and Chance cards retained those names, but the spaces on the board are represented by the Wicked Witch’s hat and Glinda’s crown, respectively (and card texts were changed to match the theme). Houses and Hotels were recolored grey and green, and were renamed Farmhouses and Palaces. The dice are described as being ruby red. Currency features photographs of characters from the movie (from Toto on the $1 to Dorothy on the $500). While the dollar sign $ is used, the denominations are said to be in bricks (instead of dollars), issued by the Bank of Emerald City.

Tokens: Eight pewter tokens were included: Heads of Dorothy/Toto, the Scarecrow, the Cowardly Lion, the Tin Man, a Tornado (with a house inside it), the Wicked Witch’s hat, Glinda’s crown and the pair of ruby slippers.

 

World Cup 1998 Edition

World Cup 2006 Edition

Walnut Creekopoly

X

X-Men Collector’s Edition

Y

Yankees Monopoly Yorkshire Monopoly

Z

USA (Spanish language)

U.S. Standard Edition en Espaol

Copyright date: 1985

Released by: Parker Brothers/Kenner Parker Toys

Issued through: General release

Game description: This is a Spanish translation of a U.S. Standard Edition Monopoly set. All placenames are literal translation of the original Atlantic City, New Jersey locations. Even the infamous misspelling of Marven Gardens is carried over, as Jardines Marvin on this board. All four railroads have the same names, the Electric Company and Water Works are also both kept. Under the space for Go, the Spanish word Adelante! is written. The currency has the same colors and design as a standard U.S. set, with the legend “Copyright 1935 by Parker Brothers Inc.” Similarly, the Community Chest (Arca Communal) and Chance (Casualidad) cards feature the Uncle Pennybags/Mr. Monopoly character that was introduced in 1936. Houses are the standard green plastic, and hotels are the standard red plastic.

Tokens: These are also based on the standard U.S. Edition game set, as of 1985 they were: a cannon, a battleship, a dog, a horse and rider, a shoe, a tophat, a wheelbarrow, a thimble, an iron and a car.

Other features: This 1985 edition was released by Parker Brothers as a division of the then Kenner Parker Toys, which was later bought out by Hasbro.

 

Cities

Atlanta, issued in 1994 and 1995.

Atlantic City (standard edition). First issued by Parker Brothers in 1935. Mega Edition featuring more Atlantic City streets released in 2006.

Baltimore, issued in 1997.

Boston – two editions: Boston, issued in 1994, 1995, 1996 and Boston (Historic) issued in 1998.

Cedar Rapids, Iowa, issued unknown

Charlotte issued in 1997.

Chicago Edition

Copyright date: 2000

Released by: USAopoly under license from Hasbro

Issued through: General release (issued in 1995, 1996 and 2000)

Game description: This was one in a series of officially licensed city edition Monopoly game boards for various U.S. cities. The Chicago edition board features photographs of 21 existing Chicago landmarks, and one historical landmark: Fort Dearborn. The main background of the board is a photograph overlooking the Chicago River. The four railroad spaces were replaced with four well-known companies headquartered in Chicago: Bank One (which was absorbed by Chase in 2005, but whose logo also appeared on this edition’s currency), Yellow Cab, Chicago Tribune and Eli’s Cheesecake. Houses and hotels are the standard green and red plastic. The utility spaces are ComEd and the Chicago Water Works.

Tokens: Six pewter tokens were included: A rolled up Chicago Tribune, the Chicago Water Tower, Sears Tower, a Wolley Cab car, the Navy Pier Ferris wheel and a slice of Eli’s Cheesecake.

 

Cincinnati, issued in 1998.

Cleveland, issued in 1996.

Dallas, issued in 1995.

Dana Point, issued in 1996.

Denver,issued in 1996

Detroit, issued in 1997.

Fox Cities, Wisconsin, issued in 2003.

Grand Rapids, issued in 2004.

Green Bay, issued in 2000.

Hollywood, issued in 1997.

Houston, issued in 1996.

Indianapolis, issued in 1996.

Kansas City, issued in 1997.

La Jolla, issued in 1994.

Las Vegas, issued in 1997, 2000.

Los Angeles, issued in 1996.

New York City, issued in 1994, 1995, 1996, 1998 and 2001.

Manitowoc, issued in 2000.

Menomonie, Wisconsin, issued in 2004 (Menomonopoly).

Minneapolis, Saint Paul (Twin Cities Edition), issued 1997.

Orlando, issued in 1997.

Palos Verdes, issued in 2007.

Philadelphia, issued in 1996.

Pittsburgh, issued in 1996.

Rochester (issue date unknown)

San Diego, issued 1994, 1995, 1996 and 2002.

San Francisco, issued in 1995; historic edition, issued in 1998.

Seattle, issued in 1997.

St. Louis, issued in 1997.

Washington, DC, issued in 1995.

States

Alaska, issued in 1997 and 2003.

Arizona, issued in 1998.

Florida, issued in 1998.

Hawaii, issued in 1996.

Maine, issued in 1999.

Oregon, issued in 1998.

Rhode Island, issued in 1998.

Texas, issued in 1999, also available in a container in the shape of the state.

Utah, issued in 1998.

Territories

Puerto Rico, issued in 2005.

Regions

Napa Valley, California, issued in 1997.

New England, issued in 2001.

United Kingdom

England

1999 Rugby World Cup (1999)

Coronation Street Edition

Desi (2005)

Premier League 1999/2000 (1999)

Premier League 2000/2001 (2000)

Howard DeWalden Estate

Jersey Channel Islands Edition – Locations from around Jersey, including streets and landmarks. The stations are replaced by Jersey airport, two harbours and a lighthouse. (2004)

Mega Edition (2007)

Stock Exchange

Copyright date: 2001

Released by: Waddingtons/Hasbro

Issued through: General release in the United Kingdom.

Game description: Thirty companies were represented on the board, with twenty-two presidency cards (in place of the usual street properties), four retail cards (in place of the railroads/railway stations), and two utilities. Community Chest and Chance were replaced by Bull and Bear cards, respectively. The UK standard Super Tax space became a Capital Gains Tax space, though the Income Tax space remained unchanged (except for value – values of all spaces, including the tax spaces, were multiplied by millions of Pounds). The companies represented on the board were international, including Gillette, Unilever, Swissair, Pizza Hut, DaimlerChrysler, Toshiba, Alcatel, Tesco and BT.

Tokens: Six standard Monopoly tokens were included: the racecar, iron, Scottie dog, battleship, hat and shoe.

Other features: Rules for the game were widely changed for this edition. The doubles rule (taking an extra turn, or going to jail after three consecutive doubles rolls) remained, as did the auction rule (a space, when landed on, if not purchased by the playe…

Read more on Licensed and localized editions of Monopoly…

Qwerty Keypad in Phones?

Qwerty keypad is a keypad which is similar to the keyboard that is used with modern computers in about every home today. It takes its name from the first six characters which are present at left-most of the keyboard’s top row of letters and is inherited from the old typewriters. There are lot of top quality phones that are produced recently having QWERTY keypad which are encouraged by the users because of its easy use. But one cannot conclude that QWERTY phones are better than other ordinary phones. It all depends upon the approach of the user.

Read more on Cheap Mobile Mysteries: What Is A Qwerty Phone?…

GSM – Introduction:

When GSM was first introduced in the market it stood for Group Special Mobile, but as the technology changes and the more advance versions came into the market the acronym changed into Global System for Mobile Communication. The organization that made this decision as well as who is responsible for its promotion is now called as GSM Association.

Read more on Cheap Mobile Mysteries: What Is GSM?…

Organization

Reel Affirmations is a program of One In Ten, a Washington, D.C.-based LGBT non-profit arts organization. One In Ten is overseen by a board of three officers and nine board members. A full-time, paid executive director oversees the day-to-day operations of the organization. All One In Ten programs, including Reel Affirmations, are conceived, organized and implemented by volunteers.

Planning for Reel Affirmations begins after the conclusion of each year’s festival. Deposits are placed to secure venues, and corporate sponsors are secured (an ongoing process which lasts until August). Programming teams for feature films, women’s shorts, men’s shorts, and documentaries begin researching and screening films in February. Films are secured by contract beginning as early as May, although most contracts are not finalized until early July. A coordinating committee begins meeting in August to oversee implementation of VIP relations, hospitality, volunteer coordination, marketing, embassy relations, public relations and other aspects of the film festival.

Most funding for Reel Affirmations comes from corporate sponsorships and ticket sales. Additional support comes from grants provided by the D.C. city government.

Reel Affirmations also sponsors a two-day film festival which coincides with Capital Pride. The program began sponsoring monthly film screenings beginning in 2000, but stopped these after RA15 in 2005.

History

Early years

Charles Sumner School, a venue during the 1993 Reel Affirmations film festival (RA3).

Reel Affirmations was co-founded by Barry Becker, Mark Betchkal, Matthew Cibellis and Keith Clark, gay residents of Washington, D.C., who wished to found a gay arts organization. They began meeting in 1990, and founded the LGBT arts organization One In Ten, with Reel Affirmations as the organization’s first program. The four sought the advice and input of Frameline, then the largest LGBT gay film festival in the U.S. With financial and administrative assistance from Frameline, the first Reel Affirmations film festival opened on October 11, 1991. The first festival venue was the Biograph Theater in Georgetown. The 10-day festival screened 62 feature films, short subjects and documentaries to 2,500 attendees. The opening night film was My Father Is Coming, and the closing night film was Together Alone.

In 1992, the festival expanded to screen its opening night film at the Cineplex Odeon Embassy Theatre in the District. Author Armistead Maupin opened the festival. RA2 screened 76 short and feature-length works shown at the Biograph.

The following year, the festival screened 24 features and 44 shorts and added screenings at the Goethe-Institut and Charles Sumner School. With the film festival on firm financial footing, Frameline did not provide administrative and financial support for RA3.

The festival continued to expand in 1994, screening 130 films and dropping smaller venues (Biograph, Sumner School) while adding larger ones (such as the West End 1-4 cinema). The festival also conducted a screening at the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Gardenne of the first gay events to be held in a federal building. 1994 was also the year the festival scored its first U.S premiere.

By its fifth anniversary in 1995, Reel Affirmations was the fourth-largest LGBT film festival in the United States in attendance, with more than 12,000 attendees. Although the festival screened only 102 films that year, it expanded to a fifth large venue (the AMC Courthouse Theatre in Virginia). A year later, it dropped two of its smaller venues in favor of the 275-seat Goldman Theatre in the D.C. Jewish Community Center in Dupont Circle.

Lincoln Theatre years

The Lincoln Theatre in Washington, D.C., Reel Affirmations’ primary venue since 1998.

Reel Affirmations’ growth led it to move out of the Cineplex Odeon Embassy and West End theaters in 1998. The film fest moved into the 1,200-seat historic Lincoln Theatre located near U and 14th Streets, N.W. RA8 screened more than 140 feature films, shorts and documentaries at the two venues.

1999 was a turning point for Reel Affirmations. Several years of declining attendance by women led festival director Sarah Kellogg to create a special women’s program. The event, known as the Women Filmmakers Brunch, has continued ever since and features women filmmakers, screenings, and a discussion of films with particular appeal to women. RA9 also was the only LGBT film festival of the season to screen Boys Don’t Cry. The award-winning film debuted in New York City, screened at Reel Affirmations, and then opened in theaters nationwide.

In honor of the festival’s continuing success, the Gay and Lesbian Activists Alliance bestowed its 2004 Distinguished Service Award on Reel Affirmations festival director Sarah Kellogg. In 2006, RA 16 screened more than 100 movies to more than 30,000 attendees during its 10-day run.

Awards

Main article: List of Reel Affirmations award winners

Reel Affirmations presents four major awards each year. Each award is bestowed based on audience balloting. Honors are given for Best Feature, Best Documentary, Best Male Short, and Best Female Short.

Reel Affirmations also distributes a Plant A Seed filmmaker grant at the end of each festival. The grant was established in 2000. It is supported by audience donations and a silent auction held throughout each year’s festival, and varies in amount from year to year. The grant is awarded by the One In Ten board to a filmmaker or filmmakers who have previously produced a feature film, short or documentary. The grant is intended to help the filmmaker complete a current work in progress.

Notes

^ Wasserman and Hausrath, Washington, DC from A to Z: The Look-up Source for Everything to See and Do in the Nation’s Capital, 2003.

^ “LGBT Film Festivals”, Out in Television and Film, no date. Accessed October 27, 2007.

^ “Reel Affirmations”, Film Festivals Pro, no date. Accessed October 27, 2007.

^ Thomas, “Are 2 Roles Too Many at Filmfest DC?”, The Washington Post, April 29, 2007.

^ “Growing Pride”, Washington City Paper, June 5, 2003.

^ a b c d e f g Reel Affirmations 15 Program Guide, 2005.

^ a b c Plowman, “Rehoboth Beach Film Fest Makes A Splash at the Box Office”, Delaware Today, October 2000.

^ a b Howe, “Gay and Lesbian Festival”, The Washington Post, October 16, 1992.

^ Documentary films formed a significant portion of films screened at Reel Affirmations in its early years. See “News at 11″, Washington City Paper, October 18, 2001.

^ My Father Is Coming at the Internet Movie Database

^ Together Alone at the Internet Movie Database

^ “An Italian’s Real ‘Story’”, The Washington Post, October 11, 1991.

^ Each Reel Affirmations film festival is referred to by the acronym “RA” followed by a number which indicates which festival it is. For example, the fourth Reel Affirmations film festival is “RA4″; the eleventh Reel Affirmations film festival is be “RA11.”

^ Nambiar, “A Reel Look at Gay, Lesbian Experience”, The Washington Post, October 16, 1993.

^ Howe, “Celebrating Gay Cinema”, The Washington Post, October 14, 1994.

^ O’Sullivan, “Gay Film Fest Changes Venue”, The Washington Post, October 16, 1998.

^ O’Sullivan, “Gay and Lesbian Film Fest Adds a Women’s Program”, The Washington Post, October 15, 1999.

^ Fritz, “Boys Don’t Cry”, MovieMaker, October 1, 2007.

^ “GLAA Announces 2004 Distinguished Service Awards”. Press release. Gay and Lesbian Activists Alliance, February 23, 2004. Accessed January 2, 2008.

^ McCarthy, “Shia LaBeouf Has Come of Age”, The Washington Post, October 13, 2006.

References

“An Italian’s Real ‘Story’”. The Washington Post. October 11, 1991.

Fritz, Daniel. “Boys Don’t Cry”. MovieMaker. October 1, 2007. Accessed October 27, 2007.

“Growing Pride”. Washington City Paper. June 5, 2003.

Howe, Desson. “Celebrating Gay Cinema”. The Washington Post. October 14, 1994.

Howe, Desson. “Gay and Lesbian Festival”. The Washington Post. October 16, 1992.

“Light in Darkness”. Washington City Paper. January 9, 2003.

McCarthy, Ellen. “Shia LaBeouf Has Come of Age”. The Washington Post. October 13, 2006.

Nambiar, Shanthy. “A Reel Look at Gay, Lesbian Experience”. The Washington Post. October 16, 1993.

“News at 11″. Washington City Paper. October 18, 2001.

O’Sullivan, Michael. “Gay and Lesbian Film Fest Adds a Women’s Program”. The Washington Post. October 15, 1999.

O’Sullivan, Michael. “Gay Film Fest Changes Venue”. The Washington Post. October 16, 1998.

Plowman, Terry. “Rehoboth Beach Film Fest Makes A Splash at the Box Office”. Delaware Today. October 2000.

Reel Affirmations 15 Program Guide. Washington, D.C.: One In Ten, 2005.

Thomas, Desson. “Are 2 Roles Too Many at Filmfest DC?”. The Washington Post. April 29, 2007.

“Two Film Fests Begin”. The Washington Post. October 17, 2003.

Wasserman, Paul and Hausrath, Don. Washington, DC from A to Z: The Look-up Source for Everything to See and Do in the Nation’s Capital. Washington, D.C.: Capital Books, 2003. ISBN 1931868077

External links

Reel Affirmations

One In Ten, the parent organization of Reel Affirmations

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Read more on Reel Affirmations…

Production and uses

Young Indonesian cinnamon tree, Indonesia

Cassia Cinnamon(Cinnamomum aromaticum) is a close relative to cinnamon (C. verum, C. zeylanicum), Saigon cinnamon (C. loureiroi, also known as “Vietnamese cinnamon”), Camphor laurel (C. camphora), Malabathrum (C. tamala), and Indonesian cinnamon (C. burmannii). As with these species, the dried bark of cassia is used as a spice. Cassia cinnamon’s flavour is less delicate than that of true cinnamon; for this reason, the less expensive cassia is sometimes called “bastard cinnamon”.

Whole branches and small trees are harvested for cassia bark, unlike the small shoots used in the production of cinnamon; this gives cassia bark a much thicker and rougher texture than that of true cinnamon.[citation needed]

Most of the spice sold as cinnamon in the United States and Canada (where true cinnamon is still generally unknown) is actually cassia. In some cases, cassia is labeled “Chinese cinnamon” to distinguish it from the more expensive true cinnamon (C. verum), which is the preferred form of the spice used in Mexico, Europe and Oceania. “Indonesian cinnamon” can also refer to C. burmannii, which is also commonly sold in the United States, labeled only as cinnamon.

Cassia (C. aromaticum) is produced in both China and Vietnam. Until the 1960s, Vietnam was the world’s most important producer of Saigon cinnamon (C. loureiroi), a species which has a higher oil content than cassia, and consequently has a stronger flavor. Saigon cinnamon is so closely related to cassia that it was often marketed as cassia (or, in North America, “cinnamon”). Of the three forms of cassia, it is the form which commands the highest price. Because of the disruption caused by the Vietnam War, however, production of C. burmannii, in the highlands of the Indonesia on island of Sumatra, was increased to meet demand, and Indonesia remains one of the main exporters of cassia today. Indonesian cassia has the lowest oil content of the three types of cassia and, consequently, commands the lowest price. Saigon cinnamon, only having become available again in the United States since the early 21st century, has an intense flavour and aroma and a higher percentage of essential oils than Indonesian cassia. Cassia has a stronger and sweeter flavor, similar to Saigon cinnamon, although the oil content is lower. In China (where it is produced primarily in the southern provinces of Guangxi, Guangdong, and Yunnan) cassia is known as Tung Hing.

Cassia bark (both powdered and in whole, or “stick” form) is used as a flavouring agent for confectionary, desserts, pastries, and meat; it is specified in many curry recipes, where cinnamon is less suitable. Cassia is sometimes added to true cinnamon but is a much thicker, coarser product. Cassia is sold as pieces of bark (as pictured below) or as neat quills or sticks. Cassia sticks can be distinguished from true cinnamon sticks in the following manner: Cinnamon sticks have many thin layers and can easily be made into powder using a coffee or spice grinder, whereas cassia sticks are extremely hard, are usually made up of one thick layer, and can break an electric spice or coffee grinder if one attempts to grind them without first breaking them into very small pieces.[citation needed]

Cassia buds, although rare, are also occasionally used as a spice. They resemble cloves in appearance and have a mild, flowery cinnamon flavor. Cassia buds are primarily used in old-fashioned pickling recipes, marinades, and teas.

Health benefits and risks

Dried cassia bark

Cassia (called ru gi; in Chinese) is used in traditional Chinese medicine, where it is considered one of the 50 fundamental herbs.

In 2006, a study reported no statistically significant additional benefit when cinnamon casia powder was given to type 2 diabetes patients who were already being treated with metformin. A systematic review of research indicates that cinnamon may reduce fasting blood sugar, but does not have an effect on hemoglobin A1C, a biological marker of long-term diabetes.

Chemist Richard Anderson says that his research has shown that most, if not all, of cinnamon’s antidiabetic effect is in its water-soluble fraction, not the oil (the ground cinnamon spice itself should be ingested for benefit, not the oil or a water extraction). In fact, some cinnamon oil-entrained compounds could prove toxic in high concentrations. Cassia’s effects on enhancing insulin sensitivity appear to be mediated by polyphenols. Despite these findings, cassia should not be used in place of anti-diabetic drugs, unless blood glucose levels are closely monitored, and its use is combined with a strictly controlled diet and exercise program.

Due to a toxic component called coumarin, European health agencies have warned against consuming high amounts of cassia.

Other possible toxins founds in the bark/powder are cinnamaldehyde and styrene.

History

Cinnamomum cassia (top left) depicted by Micha Boym (1655)

In classical times, four types of cinnamon were distinguished (and often confused):

Cassia (Hebrew qi`), the bark of Cinnamomum iners from Arabia and Ethiopia

True Cinnamon (Hebrew qinnamon), the bark of Cinnamomum zeylanicum from Sri Lanka

Malabathrum or Malobathrum (from Sanskrit , tamlapattram, literally “dark-tree leaves”), Cinnamomum malabathrum from the North of India

Serichatum, Cinnamomum aromaticum from Seres, that is, China.

In Exodus 30:23-4, Moses is ordered to use both sweet cinnamon (Kinnamon) and cassia (q) together with myrrh, sweet calamus (qn-bosem, literally cane of fragrance, could also be a mistranslation of cannabis) and olive oil to produce a holy oil to anoint the Ark of the Covenant. Psalm 45:8 mentions the garments of the king (or of Torah scholars) that smell of myrrh, aloes and cassia.

An early reference to the trade of cinnamon occurs around 100 BC in Chinese literature. After the explorer Zhang Qian’s return to China, the Han Dynasty pushed the Xiongnu back and trade and cultural exchange flourished along the Northern Silk Road. Goods moving by caravan to the west included gold, rubies, jade, textiles, coral, ivory and art works. In the opposite direction moved bronze weapons, furs, ceramics and cinnamon bark. The first Greek reference to kasia is found in a poem by Sappho in the 7th century B.C.

According to Herodotus, both cinnamon and cassia grow in Arabia, together with incense, myrrh, and ladanum, and are guarded by winged serpents. The phoenix builds its nest from cinnamon and cassia. But Herodotus mentions other writers that see the home of Dionysos, e.g., India, as the source of cassia. While Theophrastus gives a rather good account of the plants, a curious method for harvesting (worms eat away the wood and leave the bark behind), Dioscorides seems to confuse the plant with some kind of water-lily.

Pliny (nat. 12, 86-87) gives a fascinating account of the early spice trade across the Red Sea in “rafts without sails or oars”, obviously using the trade winds, that costs Rome 100 million sesterces each year. According to Pliny, a pound (the Roman pound, 327 g) of cassia, cinnamon, or serichatum cost up to 300 denars, the wage of ten months’ labour. Diocletian’s Edict on Maximum Prices from 301 AD gives a price of 125 denars for a pound of cassia, while an agricultural labourer earned 25 denars per day.

The Greeks used ksia or malabathron to flavour wine, together with absinth wormwood (Artemisia absinthia). Pliny mentions cassia as a flavouring agent for wine as well Malabathrum leaves (folia) were used in cooking and for distilling an oil used in a caraway-sauce for oysters by the Roman gourmet Gaius Gavius Apicius. Malabathrum is among the spices that, according to Apicius, any good kitchen should contain.

Egyptian recipes for kyphi, an aromatic used for burning, included cinnamon and cassia from Hellenistic times onwards. The gifts of Hellenistic rulers to temples sometimes included cassia and cinnamon as well as incense, myrrh, and Indian incense (kostos), so we can conclude that the Greeks used it in this way too.

The famous Commagenum, an unguent produced in Commagene in present-day eastern Turkey, was made from goose-fat and aromatised with cinnamon oil and spikenard (Nardostachys jatamansi). Malobrathum from Egypt (Dioscorides I, 63) was based on cattle-fat and contained cinnamon as well; one pound cost 300 denars. The Roman poet Martial (VI, 55) makes fun of Romans who drip unguents, smell of cassia and cinnamon taken from a bird’s nest, and look down on him who does not smell at all.

Cinnamon, as a warm and dry substance, was believed by doctors in ancient times to cure snakebites, freckles, the common cold, and kidney troubles, among other ailments.

See also

Chinese herbology

References

Notes

^ “Cinnamomum verum information from NPGS/GRIN”. www.ars-grin.gov. http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?70183. Retrieved 2009-01-31. 

^ Google Books search

^ Needs cite web

^ needs cite web

^ needs cite web

^ photo needs cite web

^ Wong, Ming (1976). La Mdecine chinoise par les plantes. Le Corps a Vivre series. ditions Tchou.

^ Suppapitiporn S, Kanpaksi N, Suppapitiporn S (September 2006). “The effect of cinnamon cassia powder in type 2 diabetes mellitus”. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand. PMID 17718288. 

^ Dugoua JJ, Seely D, Perri D, et al. (September 2007). “From type 2 diabetes to antioxidant activity: a systematic review of the safety and efficacy of common and cassia cinnamon bark”. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 85 (9): 83747. doi:10.1139/y07-080. PMID 18066129. 

^ Polyphenols from Cinnamon increase insulin sensivity: functional and clinical aspects 4th International Congress Dietary Antioxidants and trace elements Monastir, Tunisia, April 2005

^ NPR: German Christmas Cookies Pose Health Danger

^ High daily intakes of cinnamon: Health risk cannot be ruled out. BfR Health Assessment No. 044/2006, 18 August 2006 15p

^ Reinhard K. Sprenger (2004). Campus Verlag. ed. Die Entscheidung liegt bei dir!: Wege aus der alltglichen Unzufriedenheit. ISBN 359337442. http://books.google.com/books?id=CBXxnaGk0hwC&pg=PA40&dq=Exodus+30:23+cannabis&client=opera&hl=es. 

^ C.Michael Hogan,Silk Road, North China, The Megalithic Portal, ed. A. Burnham

^ E.R. Graser (1940) A text and translation of the Edict of Diocletian Editor: T. Frank in An Economic Survey of Ancient Rome Volume V: Rome and Italy of the Empire, first ed., Publisher: Johns Hopkins Press

^ Pliny, nat. 14, 107f.

^ De re coquinaria, I, 29, 30; IX, 7

General references

Dalby, Andrew (1996). Siren Feasts: A History of Food and Gastronomy in Greece. London: Routledge.

Faure, Paul (1987). Parfums et aromates de l’antiquit. Paris: Fayard.

Paszthoty, Emmerich (1992). Salben, Schminken und Parfme im Altertum. Mainz, Germany: Zabern.

Paterson, Wilma (1990). A Fountain of Gardens: Plants and Herbs from the Bible. Edinburgh.

External links

Complementary and Alternative Healing University (Chinese Herbology)

List of Chemicals in Cassia (Dr. Duke’s Databases)

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Herbs and spices

 

Herbs

Angelica  Basil  Basil, holy  Basil, Thai  Bay leaf  Boldo  Bolivian Coriander  Borage  Chervil  Chives  Cicely  Coriander leaf (cilantro)  Cress  Curry leaf  Dill  Elsholtzia ciliata  Epazote  Eryngium foetidum (long coriander)  Hemp  Hoja santa  Houttuynia cordata (gip c)  Hyssop  Jimbu  Lavender  Lemon balm  Lemon grass  Lemon myrtle  Lemon verbena  Limnophila aromatica (rice paddy herb)  Lovage  Marjoram  Mint  Mitsuba  Oregano  Parsley  Perilla (shiso)  Rosemary  Rue  Sage  Savory  Sorrel  Tarragon  Thyme  Vietnamese coriander (rau rm)  Woodruff

 

Spices

Ajwain (bishop’s weed)  Aleppo pepper  Alligator pepper  Allspice  Amchur (mango powder)  Anise  Aromatic ginger  Asafoetida  Camphor  Caraway  Cardamom  Charoli  Cardamom, black  Cassia  Cayenne pepper  Celery seed  Chenpi  Chili  Cinnamon  Clove  Coriander seed  Cubeb  Cumin  Cumin, black  Dill & dill seed  Fennel  Fenugreek  Fingerroot (krachai)  Galangal, greater  Galangal, lesser  Garlic  Ginger  Golpar  Grains of Paradise  Grains of Selim  Horseradish  Juniper berry  Kaempferia galanga (kencur)  Kokum  Lime, black  Liquorice  Litsea cubeba  Mace  Mahlab  Malabathrum (tejpat)  Mustard, black  Mustard, brown  Mustard, white  Nigella (kalonji)  Nutmeg  Paprika  Peppercorn (black, green & white)  Pepper, long  Radhuni  Rose  Pepper, Brazilian  Pepper, Peruvian  Pomegranate seed (anardana)  Poppy seed  Salt  Saffron  Sarsaparilla  Sassafras  Sesame  Sichuan pepper (hujio, sansho)  Star anise  Sumac  Tasmanian pepper  Tamarind  Tonka bean  Turmeric  Vanilla  Wasabi  Zedoary  Zereshk  Zest

 

Herb and spice mixtures

Adjika  Advieh  Afghan spice rub  Baharat  Berbere  Bouquet garni  Buknu  Chaat masala  Chaunk  Chile powder  Chili powder  Crab boil  Curry powder  Fines herbes  Five-spice powder  Garam masala  Garlic salt  Harissa  Hawaij  Herbes de Provence  Jerk spice  Khmeli suneli  Lemon pepper  Masala  Mitmita  Mixed spice  Old Bay Seasoning  Panch phoron  Persillade  Pumpkin pie spice  Qlat Daqqa  Quatre pices  Ras el hanout  Recado rojo  Sharena sol  Shichimi  Tabil  Tandoori masala  Za’atar

 

Lists of herbs and spices

List of Australian herbs and spices  Chinese herbs  List of Indian spices  List of Pakistani spices  List of culinary herbs and spices

 

Related topics

Marinating  Spice rub

Categories: Cinnamomum | Medicinal plants | Spices | Plants used in Traditional Chinese medicineHidden categories: All articles with specifically-marked weasel-worded phrases | Articles with specifically-marked weasel-worded phrases from October 2009 | All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements from October 2009 | Articles with unsourced statements from June 2008

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