If you are pondering over this question, “how to get back with my ex girlfriend” please understand that this is a very delicate situation. Feelings may be badly hurt on both ends and anything that you may do now or not do may cause even more hurt.
Read more on How to Get Back With My Ex Girlfriend – 5 Steps That Will Not Fail You…
The fact that you are asking this question, “can I get my ex girlfriend back?” shows that the breakup probably was not serious enough to negate the chances of reconciliation altogether. You also probably have the hope that she feels the same way about the relationship. If you have hurt her intentionally or unintentionally and you know it, it is time to say you are sorry. Being sorry and sincerely showing it is a very good first step to get back together with your ex girlfriend.
Read more on Can I Get My Ex Girlfriend Back By Being Sensitive Or By Making Her Jealous?…
The fact that you are asking this question, “can I get my ex girlfriend back?” shows that the breakup probably was not serious enough to negate the chances of reconciliation altogether. You also probably have the hope that she feels the same way about the relationship. If you have hurt her intentionally or unintentionally and you know it, it is time to say you are sorry. Being sorry and sincerely showing it is a very good first step to get back together with your ex girlfriend.
Read more on Can I Get My Ex Girlfriend Back By Being Sensitive Or By Making Her Jealous?…
There are times when your relationship suddenly falls apart and either one or both of you may doubt whether it is all over especially if the relationship is new. Some men simply cannot reconcile to the fact that their girlfriend dumped them and so they hope to get back with their girlfriend again. If you are asking, “How can I get back together with my ex girlfriend”, it is important to plan your moves ahead.
Read more on How Can I Get Back Together With My Ex Girlfriend – Nothing Is Impossible…
Relationships are delicate and need to be nurtured with loving dedication to make them grow strong. Sadly, everything is not as rosy as we would like it to be. When relationships are broken, they drain us of all our emotions, feelings, ability to think clearly and in acute cases, even our physical well being.
Read more on Get Back at Your Ex – 5 Ideas…
Have you just gone through a break up? Are you thinking how to get an ex back? Many people experience some sort of a break up but most of them just concentrate on moving on rather than searching for a way to get an ex back. If you are not a part of that league and you want to work towards how to get an ex back, then here are some tips for you. Does a break up mean that there are no chances of getting back together with your ex?
Read more on How To Get An Ex Back – Know What You Are Doing…
As we get older, joint pain becomes more of an issue. This can mainly be due to the thinning of the cartilage and as a result arthitis begins to take a hold. Sure enough, we crave natural joint pain relief and strive to find that perfect solution that will allow us to carry on with our lives pain free. Below are some strategies to bring you that desired pain relief.
Health insurance is like any other forms of insurance policies where people pool the risks of having any medical expenses or requirements in future. Health insurance policies are available with the private concerns as well as under state and government. Side by side different non-profit organization manages the profit of the insurance policies under their organization.
Read more on Basic Features of Health Insurance…
Origins
In the early days, the prominent coffee under Dutch rule was Coffea arabica. The coffee was introduced to the archipelago via Ceylon (modern day Sri Lanka). The Dutch Colonial Government initially planted coffee around Batavia (Jakarta), and as far south as Sukabumi and Bogor, in the 17th century. Coffee plantations were also established in East Java, Central Java, West Java and in parts of Sumatra and Sulawesi. Coffee at the time was also grown in East Indonesia- East Timor and Flores. Both of these islands were originally under Portuguese control and the coffee was also C. arabica, but from different root stocks. The coffee in Eastern Indonesia was not affected to the same degree by rust, and even today, some coffee in East Timor can be traced back to the 16th and 17th century.
A rust plague in the late 1880s killed off much of the plantation stocks in Sukabumi, before spreading to Central Java and parts of East Java. Around the turn of the century the C. arabica crops were devastated by coffee rust, wiping out the bulk of the Dutch root-stocks. The Dutch responded by replacing the C. arabica firstly with Coffea liberica (a tough, but somewhat unpalatable coffee) and later with Coffea canephora. The popularity of this species was short lived as it was also affected by disease. The C. liberica cherry can still be found throughout Java, but is seldom used as a commercial crop in Indonesia. The C. liberica bean is much larger than either C. arabica or the C. canephora cherry; however, it shares more in common cupping wise with C. canephora.
Current status of the industry
Making coffee by hand in Sumatra, Indonesia.
C. canephora replaced C. liberica and is still the stock crop today. It is not the coffee Indonesia is famous for, but makes up some 88% of exports from the country.
Disaster (disease and natural), World War II and the struggle for independence all played a big part in the changes that are seen in Indonesian coffee today. In the early part of the 20th century, the coffee industry was controlled by Dutch plantation owners and the colonial government. Infrastructure was developed in East and Central Java in particular to make the shipping of commodities such as coffee as easy as possible. Prior to World War II, Central Java in particular had a very strong rail transportation system that brought coffee, sugar, pepper, tea and tobacco out of the province to the port city of Semarang. Coffee in Central Java was primarily C. canephora, while the government estates (Kayu Mas, Blewan, Jampit) in East Java were C. arabica. The mountain area stretching from Jember in East Java through to the port of Banyuwangi was heavily planted in both C. arabica and C. canephora. C. arabica was farmed on plantations at higher elevations, while C. canephora was grown at lower elevations.
In January 2007, the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) reported that land was illegally cleared for coffee farming in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park on the island of Sumatra. The protected park is home to endangered tigers, elephants and rhinos, and WWF predicts that these species will be extinct in a decade should the clearing and farming continue. WWF states that the illegal coffee is sold to Western companies such as Nestl and Kraft Foods.
After independence, the plantations throughout Indonesia either came under the control of the new government or were abandoned. Today close to 92% of coffee production is in the hands of small farmers or cooperatives.
Coffea canephora growing areas
C. canephora is grown at lower altitudes than C. arabica. The island of Sumatra is the largest producer, with the provinces of Lampung, South Sumatra and Bengkulu accounting for 75% of C. canephora production. Smaller volumes are grown in Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Bali and Flores.
Coffea canephora production and processing
C. canephora is grown on small farms that average one hectare. The crop is harvested by stripping off all the fruit on the branch, resulting in a mix of ripe and green cherries. The unripe cherries are one reason that C. canephora coffee tastes bitter. Farmers dry the coffee cherries whole, for up to three weeks. After the drying, the dry cherries are hulled. Farmers sell the cherries to collectors, who sell them to the exporters. The exporters dry the crop to 12 to 13% moisture, and it is then sorted and graded. Exports are usually made in break bulk shipments, rather than in containers as with C. arabica.
A small portion of the crop is harvested and processed more like C. arabica. Only ripe cherries are harvested and these are processed by washing. Prices for “fully washed” C. canephora are close to C. arabica prices.
Markets for Indonesia’s Coffea canephora
Most of Indonesia’s C. canephora is used in instant coffee and other manufactured products. The domestic market consumes about 150,000 metric tons of C. canephora annually. Export coffee is sold through the New York Coffee Exchange (NYCE). The main markets are the United States, western Europe and Japan. Demand from emerging markets such as Russia, China, Taiwan, South Korea and Malaysia is increasing.
C. canephora is also an important part of traditional espresso blends, where is adds characteristic flavors and the all important crema on top of the coffee.
References
^ “Indonesian coffee supply”. Indonesian Embassy. http://www.indonesia-ottawa.org/information/details.php?type=news_copy&id=897. Retrieved 2008-08-12.
^ “Indonesian Trade statistics”. International Coffee Organization. http://www.ico.org/trade_statistics.asp. Retrieved 2008-08-12.
^ “Climate, demand boost coffee exports”. Jakarta Post. http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2008/07/14/climate-demand-boost-coffee-exports.html. Retrieved 2008-08-12.
World Wildlife Fund Borneo & Sumatra Coffee Report
Categories: Coffee production | Indonesian cuisine | Economy of Indonesia
Read more on Indonesian coffee…
Look up traveller or traveler in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Traveler or traveller (see American and British English spelling differences) commonly refers to one who travels, especially to distant lands.
It may also refer to:
The Travelers Companies, an insurance company
Traveler (mascot), official mascot of University of Southern California
Traveller (horse), owned by General Robert E. Lee
Fellow traveler, a socio-political term
Mechanical traveller, part of a ship or machine
Traveler Mountain, a mountain in Maine; the highest peak is called “The Traveler”
Human groups:
Bedouin
English Travellers
Scottish travellers, a nomadic or itinerant people of Scottish origin
New Age travellers
Pavees or Irish Travellers, a nomadic or itinerant people of Irish origin
Indigenous Norwegian Travellers
Romani people and their various subgroups
Quinqui
In business
The Travelers Companies, an American insurance company
Traveller’s Inn, a Canadian hotel chain
In music:
Traveller (album), an album by Christy Moore
Traveller (Slough Feg album), an album by The Lord Weird Slough Feg
Traveler (Colin James album), an album by Colin James
Traveler (Steve Roach album), an album by Steve Roach
Traveller (song), a single by Aiko Kayo
“The Traveller”, a song from Joe Satriani’s studio album Strange Beautiful Music
“The Traveller”, a song from A Flock of Seagulls’s studio album Listen
In film:
Traveller (1981 film)
Traveller (film), a 1997 film starring Bill Paxton and Mark Wahlberg
The Time Traveller (character), the protagonist in The Time Machine
In television:
Traveler (Star Trek), a fictional character in the Star Trek universe
Traveler (TV series), a television series on American Broadcasting Company
“Travelers” (Stargate Atlantis), an episode in Stargate Atlantis
Travelers (The X-Files), an episode in The X-Files (Season 5)
In literature:
The Traveler (novel), a 2005 novel by John Twelve Hawks
The Traveler: An American Odyssey in the Himalayas, by Eric Hansen
The Traveller (1954 novel), a 1954 time-travel story by Richard Matheson.
Traveller (novel), a historical novel by Richard Adams about General Robert E. Lee’s horse of the same name
Traveler (novel series), a series of post-apocalyptic novels written by multiple writers under the pseudonym D. B. Drumm
The Traveller (character), the hero of James Herbert’s graphic novel The City
Travelers, a group of social outcasts in the novel Earthworks
Traveler- a type of person from the “Pendragon Series” by DJ Machale.
In gaming:
Starship Traveller, roleplaying gamebook written by Steve Jackson
Traveller (role-playing game), series of related science fiction role-playing games, first published in 1977 by Game Designers’ Workshop
Traveling sheet, used to record scores in the card game of duplicate bridge
In cameras:
Traveler (camera), a digital camera brand
In nature:
Traveller (moth)
In ships
USS Traveler (SP-122), a United States Navy patrol boat in commission from 1917 to 1919
USS Traveller (1805), a United States Navy supply boat in commission in 1805
See also
Backpacking (travel)
Sancharam
Showman
Time travel
Tourism
Transport
This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title.
If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.
Categories: Disambiguation pagesHidden categories: All article disambiguation pages | All disambiguation pages
Identities
Maroon berets
A symbol of Pasukan Gerakan Khas Detachment A or Special Actions Unit (UTK).
Sand coloured berets
A symbol of Pasukan Gerakan Khas Detachment B or 69th Commando Battalion (VAT 69).
Trimedia Parachute Wings
The recognized symbol of the PGK. It also identifies the abilities of parachutist, airborne unit and air assault operations.
Functions
Current PGK roles are believed to include:
Intelligence collection in deep reconnaissance missions and warfare.
Special operations to support the RMP Special Branch in combating subversive organizations or terrorist activities.
Counter Terrorism operations inside Malaysian territory in conjunction with armed forces.
Law enforcement operations in dealing with armed criminals inside Malaysian territory.
Counter terrorism operations outside Malaysian territory; including Operation Astute in Timor Leste.
Search and rescue operations inside or outside Malaysian territory, such as aid operations in the aftermath of the 2006 tsunami in Acheh, Indonesia.
Protection of senior Malaysian dignitaries, ministers and VIPs.
History
Main article: VAT 69/UTK#History
Organization
Sgt 126456 As’ari Md Dahal (right) with three PGK operatives on standby. They are armed with MP5-Ns equipped with Aimpoint CompM2 Sight and Insight Technology flashlight.
Previously separate entities, both the VAT 69 and the UTK were amalgamated into the PGK on October 20, 1997, when it was launched by the 5th Inspector General of Police, Tan Sri Rahim Noor. However, the VAT 69 and the UTK are still operationing as separate units. The UTK is now officially known as Pasukan Gerakan Khas Detachment A and VAT 69 has been deputized to Pasukan Gerakan Khas Detachment B.
Currently based at the Royal Malaysian Police Headquarters in Bukit Aman, Kuala Lumpur, the PGK is under the direct command of the RMP’s Internal and Public Security (Malay: Keselamatan Dalam Negeri / Ketenteraman Awam) Director. The current unit commander holds the rank of Senior Assistant Commissioner II (SAC) and is the Deputy Director of the RMP’s Internal and Public Security Branch.
With the growing threat of terrorism since the September 11th attacks, this unit has increasingly adapted itself to conduct counter-terrorism duties. With the aim of creating teams that are capable of dealing with a broad range of operations (especially counter-terrorism operations), the PGK small patrol team consist of six to ten operatives led by officers ranked from Police Inspector to Superintendent of Police with different expertise such as an attack units, snipers, EOD experts, communications experts and field medics. The PGK has also forged closer relations with the special forces of the Malaysian Armed Forces, including the 10 Paratrooper Brigade, Grup Gerak Khas, PASKAL and PASKAU, so as to enable them to more effectively enforce security within Malaysia’s borders.
Roles
PGK operators practice storming a ship during a PGK exercise.
The UTK is primarily a SWAT-style unit but with a difference; UTK operatives operate mostly in plain-clothes and also perform undercover missions. It has approximately 300 members. The unit operates to execute special security services such as anti-terrorism and counter-terrorism in Malaysian urban area, supporting the police on missions such as dealing with armed criminals, and escorting and protecting top leaders and VVIPs. VAT 69 operatives however are jungle warfare specialists given the VAT 69’s origins as a force established to fight the communist threat in 1969 and the insurgency years. Originally trained by the British SAS, VAT 69 conducts in land, sea and air special operation techniques with specialty in jungle warfare and deep reconnaissance missions, VAT 69 mission is to execute special operation in support of Police’s Special Branch fight against subversive organization and terrorist activities, offensive operations using special weapons and tactics, anti-terrorism, counter-terrorism, hostage rescue, close protection and supporting the Malaysian Armed Forces special forces, RDF or infantry force in any security measures. Currently there are four infantry squadrons in VAT 69 with its own logistic unit, totaling around 1900 members.
PGK snipers, technicians and explosive experts regularly cross-train with foreign special forces including the Special Air Service Regiments of Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom, the Royal Thai Border Patrol Police and a number of US services including the US Navy SEALs, Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) and others. UTK members wear maroon berets while VAT 69 members wear the sand coloured beret given to them by their founding trainers, the 22nd SAS.
In November 14, 2006, for the first time in the history of PGK, the maroon and sand coloured berets were honoured as Royal Berets by Yang Dipertuan Agong Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin Syed Putera Jamalullail, the then King of Malaysia.
Training and Selection
Several PGK operatives moving crosshairs during a Close Quarters Combat drill at the killing house. The first operative is equipped with a Tactical Shield.
Primary selections period is as long as two days. As criteria to join the PGK Special Forces, all personnel must be younger than 30 years old and have a good health record.
Prospective trainees are expected to exceed the minimums. The minimum requirements of the Physical Screening Test (PST) are:
6 km running in 40 minutess
Freestyle swimming for 8-10 laps
At least 9-13 chin-ups
At least 30 sit-ups
At least 60 push-ups
At least 30 squad thrusts
To accomplish its varied mission profiles, the PGK ensures that its members are well trained in the required aspects of special operations. These include:-
Insertion Techniques
HALO/HAHO
Fast roping techniques
Helo casting
Abseiling
Combat diving
Combat Techniques
Close Quarters Combat (CQC)
Unconventional warfare
Sabotage
Close VIP protection
Vehicular assault
Unarmed combat
Knife combat
Marksmanship
Booby-trap defusal
Underwater demolitions (Basic Underwater Demolition [disambiguation needed])
Intelligence Gathering
Intelligence
Special reconnaissance
Long-range Combat Patrol
Task Oriented
A PGK officer rappelling.
Combat, Search and Rescue (CSAR)
Hostage rescue (HR)
Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD)
Hazmat Disposal
Operations In Built-up Areas – OBUA
Foreign languages
FIBUA
Assaults on trains, airfield and aircraft
K9 [disambiguation needed] Handling
The PGK regularly trains abroad with units such as the British SAS, Indonesian Brigade Mobil, Singapore Special Tactics and Rescue, Australian Special Air Service Regiment, New Zealand Special Air Service, FBI Hostage Rescue Team, US Green Berets and the US Special Operation Command Pacific Unit (SOCPAC).
On December 10, 2003, the then Inspector General of Police, Tan Sri Mohd Bakri Haji Omar, launched the training programme between the USSOCPAC and the PGK at the General Operations Force Training Center in Ulu Kinta, Perak. The team of SOCPAC were to conduct joint exercise with the PGK, under codename Advance Vector Balance Mint for a duration of 2 weeks. Only 42 out of the 194 participants completed the inaugural programme.
Famous PGK Members
DSP G/9045 Mohd Noor Razak (retired)
DSP G/10958 Abd Razak Mohd Yusof
DSP G/11188 M.V Srikumar s/o Madhavan Nair
ASP G/12236 Abd. Rahim Saffiee
C/Insp I/3427 Mohd Zabri Abdul Hamid (died in September 3, 1975)
Sergeant Abdul Rahim Megat
Sergeant 126456 As’ari Md Dahal
Corporal Md. Nazri Kassim
Corporal Jamaluddin Md. Isa
Corporal Ismail Ibrahim (died in March 27, 2000)
Corporal 110998 Idrus Johar (died in August 18, 2004)
Corporal Zawawi Hassan
Corporal 133562 Mazlinda Mohd Noor
Corporal 138143 Merli Zaifa Abdul Sani
Weaponry/Equipment
As a special forces unit, the PGK is equipped with a wide array of high class weapons and support equipment commonly associated with counter-terrorism operations. Here is a list of firearms and support equipment used by PGK officers:
Firearms
Firearms Data
Sidearms
Shotguns
Submachineguns
Service Rifles
Sniper Rifles
Machineguns
Grenade L.
Colt M1911A1
Benelli M3 Super 90
HK MP5A5
Colt M4A1 SOPMOD
AI-AWM (Magnum)
FN Minimi
M79
Glock 17
Franchi SPAS-12
HK MP5-N
HK 416 Commando
AI-PM / L96A1
M60E2
Colt M203
Glock 18C
Remington 870
HK MP5K-A4
HK G36C
HK PSG-1A1
Glock 26
Remington 1100
HK MP5SD6
Steyr AUG A2VAT69 only
Remington 700
Glock 34
HK MP7A1-PDW
HK Mark 23 Mod 01
HK UMP 9
HK USP Compact
HK USP Tactical
Sig Sauer P2022
STI Grandmaster
STI Tactical-5.0
Notes
1Heckler & Koch Mark 23 .45 pistols have been acquired as side arms for elite PGK to replace the Colt M1911A1, but only a minority of this unit uses it. The majority of the officers use various 9 mm pistols. However the Mark 23 is a good choice, especially when used in CQC scenarios as they have the very high stopping power needed for such operations.
This lot of Heckler & Koch UMP9 submachineguns are used by the Crisis Response Team of all the branches of the RMP (other than PGK) in dealing with other crisis involving terrorism and serious crimes. The Heckler & Koch MP5 is a popular sub-machine gun used by special force teams include the PGKs.
Support Equipment
List of Support Equipment
High Explosive Grenades
Flashbang
Tear Gas Grenades
Ballistic Shields
Night Vision Goggles
Trijicon’s ACOG 4x
T – Baton
Police Flexi Cuffs
Taser X26
SF-10 Gas Mask
Pepper Spray
Telescopic Sight
Fiber Optic Camera
Surefire
Battering Rams
Tactical Bulletproof Vest
C-4 Explosives
Rangefinder Camera
Assault Ladders
Binoculars
SPECTRA Helmet
Thermal Weapon Sight
Aimpoint CompM2
Aimpoint CompM4
First Aid Kit
Hiatts Speedcuffs
EO Tech Holosights
Bean Bag Shells1
EOD Tools
AN/PEQ-6
Notes
1The Bean Bag shell is typically fired from a shotgun, and is used by police and military forces, mainly in the United States to disperse the type of riot which is not able to be controlled with tear gas weapon. When fired, the bean bag (or BB) made from rubber and plastic is expelled at around 70-90 meters/second; it spreads out in flight and distributes its impact over about 6 centimeters of the target. It is designed to deliver a blow that will cause minimum long-term trauma and no penetration but will result in a muscle spasm or other reaction to briefly render a violent suspect immobile.
Tactical Vehicles
PGK operators using a Ford Explorer Sport Trac type as a Rapid Intervention Vehicle for vehicular assault.
As a special operations unit, the PGK employs a number of specialized vehicles to accomplish its missions. These include the Commando V-150D and the GKN Sankey AT105 armored personnel carriers equipped with M60s as assault vehicles in urban and jungle terrain as well as modified police MPV (Mobile Patrol Vehicles), vans, trucks, 4WD and buses for use as tactical vehicles. PGK also employs RHIB assault boats, jet-skis and Marine Subskimmer (DPV) in maritime missions and amphibious insertions.
For its airborne operations, PGK utilises the C-130 Hercules, Cessna 206G, Cessna 208 Caravan 1 and Pilatus Porter PC-6 aircraft as well as the E-Squirrel AS-355 F2/AS-355N helicopter.
Developments and Acquisitions
In October 25, 2007, the US Joint Interagency Task Force (JIATF) West funded RM2 million state-of-the-art shooting house for the VAT 69 Commando battalion was opened.
Specialized RMP divisions
To counter increasing threats to national security from both terrorist and criminal elements, the PGK was tasked with forming and training two specialized units of the Royal Malaysian Police (RMP);-
Marine Combat Unit
Formed in March 2006, Unit Gempur Marin (English: Marine Combat Unit, UNGERIN) is a specialized detachment of the marine police. Jointly trained by the PGK and the US Navy SEALs, UNGERIN operatives are highly-trained in maritime counter-terrorism. UNGERIN operatives are trained and equipped with specialized weapons and tactics similar to the UK Special Boat Service and falls under the command of the RMP’s maritime directorate.
Main article: UNGERIN
Rapid Actions Unit
Rapid Actions Unit (Malay: Unit Tindakan Cepat) is a specialized SWAT unit of the RMP. Based at the Contingent Police Headquarters in Peninsular Malaysia, the UTC falls under the direct control of the RMP’s Criminal Investigation Department. The UTC conducts urban operations and functions as an initial response unit for the PGK.
List of Unit Commanders
Listed below are the unit commanders past & present.
List of Pasukan Gerakan Khas Commander
Name
Year
Remark
Superintendent G/640 M. Shanmugam
19751976
First commanding officer of the PGK
Superintendent G/3158 Ramli Abd Kadir
19761978
Replaced Supt. Shanmugam
Assistant Commissioner of Police G/2827 Syed Mohd Munfaz Wafa Syed Subli Wafa
19781983
-
Assistant Commissioner of Police G/3740 A Navaratnam
19831986
First commanding officer and head of VAT 69
Deputy Superintendent of Police G/5439 Meor Chek Hussein Mahayuddin
19861987
Assistant commanding officer of the PGK
Assistant Commissioner of Police G/3421 Mohd Yusof Harun
19871990
-
Assistant Commissioner of Police G/3432 Haji Idris Haji Wahid
19901993
-
Senior Assistant Commissioner I G/5439 Dato’ Meor Chek Hussien Mahayuddin
19932000
1997 Merged VAT 69 and UTK to Pasukan Gerakan Khas
Senior Assistant Commissioner II G/5096 Mohd Anuar Mohd Zain
20002002
-
Senior Assistant Commissioner II Roslan Mohd Yassin
20022004
PGK Commander from 2002 and transferred to Pahang state as the Officer Chief of Police Contingent in 2004
Senior Assistant Commissioner II Mohd Rani Abd Rashid
20042006
led from Deputy Director of Internal and Public Security in Royal Malaysian Police
Senior Assistant Commissioner II Muhammad Sabtu Osman
20062008
Transferred to Kuala Lumpur as Kuala Lumpur Police State Chief
Senior Assistant Commissioner I Dato’ Muhammad Fuad Abu Zarin
2008- Now
Replaced SAC II Muhammad Sabtu Osman
Areas of Responsibility (AOR)
The PGK command is located at the Bukit Aman Police Headquarters in Kuala Lumpur. Each of the two independent detachments of the PGK, i.e. the UTK and the VAT69, has responsibility for different geographical areas of Malaysia. Here is the list of the areas of responsibility for the UTK and VAT69 respectively:
List of PGK’s Area of Responsibility
PGK Detachment A – Special Actions Unit (UTK)
PGK Detachment B – Very Able Trooper – 69 (VAT 69)
Johor
Perak
Melaka
Pahang
Negeri Sembilan
Perlis
Selangor
Penang
Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur
Kedah
Kelantan
Terengganu
Missions
Two operatives of PGK including one female operator armed with MP5-N submachineguns during the CQC drill.
Its first counter-terrorism mission, which is one of the most well-known and which established the unit’s reputation as an elite unit, was an operation known as “Operasi Subuh” (Operations Dawn). It was carried out on 3 July 2000 against Al-Ma’unah terrorists who had stolen 94 M16 rifles, 2 Steyr AUG rifles, 4 General Purpose Machineguns (GPMG), 6 Light Machineguns (LMG), 5 M203 grenade launchers, 26 bayonet daggers and thousands of ammunition rounds from 2 control posts of the Rejimen Askar Wataniah (Territorial Army Regiment) camp in Kuala Rui, Perak and captured 2 police officers, one army special forces soldier and one villager as hostages and planned to commit treason against a democratically elected government.
In the dawn of 5 July 2000, police and military units created a distraction, while members of the PGK, accompanied by the 22nd Grup Gerak Khas led by Malaysian armed forces senior officer Lt. Gen. (R) Zaini Mohamad Said and PGK leader ASP Abd Razak Mohd Yusof were sent to Sauk to negotiate with the Al-Ma’unah leader, Mohamed Amin Mohamed Razali.
Amin, along with his comrades were persuaded to drop their arms and surrender to the security forces. Although most of the group initially surrendered, negotiations eventually broke down and a bloody gunfight ensued. In these incidents, 2 of the 4 hostages were killed before the group finally surrendered. The security forces team suffered two casualties – police Special Branch officer Detective Corporal R. Sanghadevan and Trooper Matthew anak Medan from 22nd GGK were tortured before they were killed and was buried by 2 other hostages, Sargeant (R) Mohd Shah Ahmad and civilian Jaafar Puteh, in the jungle before they were both rescued by security forces. Abdul Halim Ali @ Ahmad, a member of the militant group, was shot dead in the gunfighting and five others were injured, including two seriously. The other 22 were taken into police custody. Mohamed Amin, Zahit Muslim, Jemari Jusoh and Jamaludin Darus were later sentenced to death and the other 16 were sentenced to life imprisonment. 10 more comrades, Megat Mohamed Hanafi Ilias, Muhamad Nukhshah Bandi Che Mansor, Riduan Berahim, Azlan Abdul Ghani, Shahidi Ali and Khairul Anuar Mohamed Ariffin, were sentenced by the High Court to ten years in jail each after pleading guilty to an alternative charge under Section 122 for preparing to wage war against the Yang di-Pertuan Agong after they pleaded guilty to the lesser charge.
Main article: Al-Ma’unah#Sauk Siege
Publicly known missions
PGK officers riding the Honda ST1300 escorted the VVIP vehicles out to the exit gate of Parliament Square after the 52nd Independence Day Parade on August 31, 2009.
1998: The Pasukan Gerakan Khas and the Grup Gerak Khas were deployed to provide security and were on standby for hostage rescue, close protection and counter-terrorism duties during the 1998 Commonwealth Games held at National Stadium, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur on September 11 to September 21, 1998.
September 20, 1998: In the twilight hours, by orders from the then Prime Minister to the Inspector General of Police, Tan Sri Rahim Noor, PGK operatives led by Inspector Mazlan arrested the ex-Deputy Prime Minister Dato’ Sri Anwar Ibrahim in his home 18 days after his ejection from the Cabinet, for inciting anti-Mahathir reforms in Kuala Lumpur. He was initially arrested under the Internal Security Act and was subsequently charged with, and convicted of, corruption and sodomy. 6 years later in 2004, when he was serving his jail sentence for sodomy after completing his sentence for corruption, he was released when his sodomy conviction was overturned by the Federal Court in the case of Dato Seri Anwar b. Ibrahim & Sukma Darmawan Sasmitaat Madja Lwn. Pendakwa Raya.
5 July 2000: The Al-Ma’unah group stole crates of military firearms and planned to commit treason against a democratically elected government. The PGK and the 22nd GGK stormed the group camp at Sauk, Malaysia and rescued 2 hostages while 2 other hostages were killed.
January 18, 2000: Involved in an operation to arrest the Gang Steyr, the armed criminal group which was led by ex-special forces personnel named Mohd Hizan Jaafar, along with 5 men after they robbed a bank in Sri Serdang Road, Selangor. During the operation, two criminals including Mohd Hizan and Abu Hasan were killed at Melayu Majidee Village and two more were killed in a shoot-out with the police at Tol Plaza Kempas, Johor Bahru and recovered 4 Steyr AUG rifles, Smith & Wesson .22 handgun, one Remington shotgun, 85 rounds of 5.56 mm bullets, 3 rounds .22 bullets, a few bullet shells and found RM291,000. The police also launched an operation to hunt two other members of the gang.
September 12, 2002: Ahmad Mohd Arshad or Mat Komando, 37, the leader of Gang 13, the then No.1 on the Malaysian Most-Wanted-Criminal list for 52 armed robberies involving about RM2.5 million, armed assault and illegal possession of firearms (among others) was known to be hiding in a Kampung Hujung Keton, the village in the state of Kedah on the west coast of the Malay Peninsular. Armed with intelligence gathered from surveillance and villagers, 10 police officers from PGK anti-terror police, supported by the PGA paramilitary police, cordoned off the area and stormed a hut in the village for the take down. Sensing the presence of law enforcement officials in dawn September 12, 6.30 am, Mat Komando opened fire and in the ensuing shoot-out, was shot in the head and left ribs and was killed. The police seized a Colt .45 pistol with three rounds of ammunitions and a S&W Model 617 .22 revolver with two rounds of ammunitions, two bullet shells from the deceased criminal. The then Malaysian Inspector General of Police, Tan Sri Norian Mai (Retired), said that Mat Komando was the fourth member of the Gang 13 members to be killed in shoot-outs against police while the remaining nine members had been arrested.
The model of 69 Commando PGK with the HALO/HAHO equipment.
September 27, 2002: Hunted downed Gang M16, the then Most-Wanted-Criminals of Malaysia for armed robbery at the Bank of Tokyo in 1985, 16 other armed robberies in jewellery shops and pawn shops, carting away loot which amounted to RM21.28 million. It was reported that all the members of this group were Chinese and the mastermind of this group was one Elvis Keh Jiang Long a.k.a Ah Po, the ex-Singaporean National Service personnel ( Singaporean Army), was an expert in various firearms and he was responsible for training the group for the robberies. During the gunfighting with the PGK in Batu 5, Jalan Seremban-Mantin, near the Galla Recreational Park, Mantin, Negeri Sembilan, two of the Gang M16 members, identified as Sunny Chai @ Sum Wing Chang and his righthand man, known as Hew Yau, were shot dead. Another gang member, Chang Kew Yin, managed to escape. One PGK officer was wounded. Security forces recovered an M16 rifle with two rounds of ammunition, a Colt semi-automatic handgun with 16 rounds of ammunition, a Smith & Wesson revolver and three ski-masks from the suspects’ vehicles. At December 28, 2 am, Chang was gunned down in the ensuing shootout at Jalan Keris, Taman Sri Tebrau, Johor Bahru and security forces recovered a China-made Norinco pistol with three rounds of ammunition from Chang’s body. Federal CID Director, Datuk Salleh Mat Som (late), said the police was always hunting for the Gang M16 members who were still at large, including sending their officers to Singapore and Thailand to track Keh down and also requested the assistance of the Australian police to locate another gang member, Hew Soon Loong @ Hong Kong Chai, who was believed to have fled to the country.
Participated in hostage rescue operations against Abu Sayyaf in Sipadan Island (Pulau Sipadan) and Ligitan Island (Pulau Ligitan), Sabah with support from PGA, the Malaysian Armed Forces and Philippine Armed Forces.
October 16, 2003/October 17, 2003: Involved in VVIP protection of the Islamic leaders during the 10th Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) in Putrajaya.
December 16, 2004: Participated in the search and rescue mission for the lost Indonesian Brimob, in which 700 personnel from the POLRI special operations force units went missing in Acheh after the tsunami incident.
2005: Undertook VVIP escort missions to protect ex-Prime Minister Tun Dr Mahathir Muhammad when he visited Johor.
2006: Deployed as part of the United Nations (U.N.) INTERFET to support the Operation Astute. It consisted of Malaysian U.N. 10 Paratrooper Brigade, Grup Gerak Khas, Australian and New Zealand U.N Armed Forces in Timor Leste.
July 2007: Deployed in a search and rescue operation after a Sikorsy S61 Nuri helicopter of the RMAF went down along with a crew of six near Genting Sempah, Genting Highlands. The SAR team, which consisted of the 10th Paratrooper Brigade, the 22nd GGK, PASKAU, the police General Operations Force Senoi Praaq, Police Air Wing, Fire and Rescue Department, Forestry Department rangers, Civil Defense Department (JPA3) and villagers, located the wreckage of the chopper on July 17, 1324hrs with its rotor blades detached. The bodies of all crew members were found in the cabin of the stricken aircraft.
Main article: PASKAU#Genting Sempah Incident
July 16, 2008: Arrested the PKR de facto leader, Dato’ Seri Anwar Ibrahim in front of his house at Bukit Segambut in the twillight hours, similar to what happened in 1998, for investigations under Section 377C of the Penal Code for alleged “carnal intercourse against the order of nature” with his former aide, Mohd Saiful Bukhari Azlan. However, CID director Commissioner Dato’ Mohd Bakri Zinin said that the arrest was not carried out by the UTK, but by the Bukit Aman’s Serious Crimes Division (possibly by the Unit Tindakan Cepat, UTC).
A PGK officer using a battering ram to break through a door while other members standby to rush into the kill house during the CQC drill.
Arrested five terrorists which in the list of the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) was Zulkepli Marzuki, Yazid Sufaat, Zaini Zakaria Abdul Manaf Kasmuri and Wan Min Wan Mat and detained at the Kamunting Detention Center under the Internal Security Act (ISA) 1960 related to involved with the activities of Jemaah Islamiyah (JI) other Bali bombings in 2004.
2009: In February 2008, a Singaporean Jemaah Islamiah (JI) leader, Mas Selamat Kastari escaped from Whitley Detention Center, the tightest detention centre in Singapore. A few months later, he was found to be hiding at a village house in Kampung Tawakal, Skudai, 40 km from Johor Bahru. Following intelligence sharing with the police forces of Indonesia and Singapore and tidying of tactical planning, in the dawn of 1 April 2009 at 06:00, a team from PGK counter-terrorist unit was deployed to assist police Special Branch members recapture the militant leader in the village house. Both PGK and Special Branch members stormed each the perimeter of that house while Mas Selamat was sound asleep. However, according to a witness, Mohd Saat Marjo, 57, a villager who lived opposite the fugitive home, about 30 masked commandos armed with automatic weapons together with plainclothes Special Branch members broke through two doors and rushed into the house when he refuse to come out and surrender when ordered by the police. The raid and inclusion by PGK and Special Branch was very organised, giving Mas Selamat no chance at all to escape. He was handcuffed with his face covered in a dark blue checked cloth before he was swiftly bundled into a police vehicle and taken away. Other JI members, Abdul Matin Anol Rahmat and Johar Hassan, were also arrested together and police also seized documents and other paraphernalia that allegedly revealed their planned operation as well as combing the area with bomb detectors to ensure that the house was free of explosives. However, the PGK’s involvement in that operation was not highlighted in the media due to the top secret nature of the operations. The arrest was attributed to the Special Branch.
In popular culture
Fictional television programs
In 1997, there was a fictional TV program called Gerak Khas.
In 2005, an ASTRO RIA television show directed by Senator Dato’ Jins Shamsuddin entitled VAT 69 – Warisan Darah Perwira, documented the tactics and professional lives of VAT 69 officers of the Royal Malaysian Police Pasukan Gerakan Khas.
Movies
In 1991, the movie Bayangan Maut (The Shadow of Death) starring Dato’ Yusof Haslam, Sabree Fadzil and Noorkumalasari was released in theatres. In the movie, the featured PGK units were portrayed as plain-clothed and carrying the M16 rifles.
A PGK unit is featured at the end of the movie Maria Mariana (1996).
In the 2nd installment of Gerak Khas The Movie 2 (2002), Pasukan Gerakan Khas takes action to track down drug smugglers in maritime Penang states and militia terrorists in the jungle.
In the end scene of Gerak Khas the Movie 3 (GK3) (2004), VAT 69, the branch of Pasukan Gerakan Khas was featured in plainclothes carrying MP5A2 submachine guns, with the occasional member carrying a pistols to track down the crime syndicates in Langkawi Island, Kedah states.
In the movie Entrapment (1999), starring Sean Connery and Catherine Zeta Jones, real Pasukan Gerakan Khas police counter-terrorist operators together with PASKAU were used as the “SWAT Team” that pursued the 2 stars in and around Petronas Twin Towers. The helicopter at the end of the pursuit scene however was obviously not RMP’s but clearly stated “RMAF”, the air force.
Controversies
Main article: Murder of Shaariibuugiin Altantuyaa
In October 2006, an officer and two members of Pasukan Gerakan Khas were detained for suspicion of abetting Abdul Razak Baginda in the murder of a Mongolian, Altantuya Shaariibuu, who was slain and her body blown up with C4 detonator in October 2006 at Shah Alam, Malaysia. The two officials suspected of involvement in this murder are Chief Inspector Azilah Hadri and Corporal Sirul Azhar Umar, while another member, woman Police Constable Fatimah Abdul Wahap and those on duty in the Pasukan Gerakan Khas’s weaponry storage were released after they were found not to have been involved in the murder. Razak, Azilah and Sirul judge over this brutal murder. On the 9 April 2009, High Court Judge Zaki Yasin ruled that Sirul Azhar and Azilah statements were unbelievable as both of the accused only blamed each other.. Both policemen were sentenced to death for the murder of Altantuya. Wrapping up the 159-day trial, Zaki said both of them failed to raise any reasonable doubt in the prosecution’s case. However, their lawyers will lodge an appeal. Both policemen showed no emotion upon hearing their death sentence. Their family members accepted the court’s decision and denied any political elements in the verdict.
See also
Main article: List of special police units
References
^ “In full force”. The Star. 2007-09-22. http://www.thestar.com.my/lifestyle/story.asp?file=/2007/9/22/lifefocus/18884357&sec=lifefocus. Retrieved 2008-02-18.
^ “To protect with their lives – Fotoplay”. The Star. 2007-09-29. http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2007/12/29/nation/19881348&sec=nation. Retrieved 2008-02-18.
^ “Guns, grit & guts”. The Star. 2005-08-27. http://thestar.com.my/lifestyle/story.asp?file=/2005/8/27/lifefocus/11863993&sec=lifefocus. Retrieved 2009-12-24.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Thompson, Leroy (December 2008). “Malaysian Special Forces”. Special Weapons. http://www.tactical-life.com/online/special-weapons/malaysian-special-forces. Retrieved 2009-11-23.
^ “An Inspector General of Police Speeches In Conjunction With The Council End of Course Special Operations Force Series 1/2003 Ceremony & End of Course Beret Conjunction Rookie PGK”. Royal Malaysian Police. 2003-12-10. http://www.rmp.gov.my/about/about_content.cfm?mod=5&id=145. Retrieved 2009-12-24.
^ a b c “Unofficial Royal Malaysian Police Paramilitary Force Page”. http://kbmyaf.co.nr/PDRM.htm. Retrieved 2009-02-23.
^ “VAT 69 gets RM2m shoot house”. The Star. 2007-10-26. http://thestar.com.my/metro/story.asp?file=/2007/10/26/north/19256550&sec=north. Retrieved 2008-04-17.
^ “Malaysian arms gang take hostages”. bbc.co.uk (BBC). 4 July 2000. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/818403.stm. Retrieved 2008-06-08.
^ “Malaysian gunmen surrender”. bbc.co.uk (BBC). 6 July 2000. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/821695.stm. Retrieved 2008-08-18.
^ “Sauk incident”. Utusan Malaysia. 2001-01-15. http://www.utusan.com.my/utusan/archive.asp?y=2002&dt=0116&pub=utusan_express&sec=home%5Fnews&pg=hn_06.htm&arc=hive. Retrieved 2008-02-18.
^ “Malaysian arms raid cult charged”. bbc.co.uk (BBC). 8 August 2000. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/870776.stm. Retrieved 2008-06-08.
^ “Security for sale”. Asia Times. 2003-08-14. http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Front_Page/EH14Aa01.html. Retrieved 2009-04-20.
^ “World: Asia-Pacific Anwar arrested amid Kuala Lumpur protests”. bbc.co.uk (BBC). 2 September 2004. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/175896.stm. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
^ “Malaysian Federal Court Judgment in Dato Seri Anwar b. Ibrahim & Sukma Darmawan Sasmitaat Madja Lwn. Pendakwa Raya”. Federal Court of Malaysia. 2004-09-02. http://www.kehakiman.gov.my/judgment/fc/archive/05-6-2003(W)dato%20hamid.htm. Retrieved 2009-06-12.
^ “Malaysia’s Anwar Ibrahim set free”. bbc.co.uk (BBC). 2 September 2004. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/3619790.stm. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
^ “4 ahli Geng Steyr ditembak mati (Malay)”. Utusan Malaysia. 2000-01-19. http://www.utusan.com.my/utusan/archive.asp?y=2000&dt=0119&pub=utusan_malaysia&sec=muka%5Fhadapan&pg=fp_01.htm&arc=hive. Retrieved 2008-02-18.
^ “Mat Komando killed in shootout with police”. Utusan Malaysia. 2002-09-12. http://www.utusan.com.my/utusan/archive.asp?y=2002&dt=0913&pub=utusan_express&sec=front%5Fpage&pg=fp_01.htm&arc=hive. Retrieved 2008-02-18.
^ “Crime watch: December 27″. Utusan Malaysia. 2001-12-27. http://www.utusan.com.my/utusan/archive.asp?y=2002&dt=1228&pub=utusan_express&sec=home%5Fnews&pg=hn_08.htm&arc=hive. Retrieved 2008-02-18.
^ “M16 Gang crippled, three members including mastermind shot dead”. Utusan Malaysia. 2001-12-28. http://www.utusan.com.my/utusan/archive.asp?y=2002&dt=1229&pub=utusan_express&sec=home%5Fnews&pg=hn_02.htm&arc=hive. Retrieved 2008-02-18.
^ “M’sian Police To Take Over From M’sian Troops In Timor Leste”. Bernama. 2006-06-30. http://www.bernama.com.my/bernama/v3/news.php?id=206042. Retrieved 2008-02-18.
^ Villagers help in ground search The Star [disambiguation needed], July 16, 2007
^ “Anwar arrested, taken to HKL (Update 11)”. The Star. 2008-07-16. http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/7/16/nation/20080716101744&sec=nation. Retrieved 2008-07-20.
^ “27 in the list of Interpol, FBI “. hmetro.com.my (Harian Metro). 22 February 2010. http://www.hmetro.com.my/myMetro/articles/27masuksenaraiInterpol_FBI/Article/index_html. Retrieved 2010-02-23.
^ “Fugitive militant finds rustic retreat away from prying eyes”. thestar.com.my (The Star (Malaysia)). 11 Mei 2009. http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/5/11/nation/3877066&sec=nation. Retrieved 2009-05-11.
^ “Fugitive Mas Selamat nabbed”. thestar.com.my (The Star (Malaysia)). 8 May 2009. http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/5/8/nation/20090508084657&sec=nation. Retrieved 2009-05-09.
^ “Policemen to die in Malaysian case”. BBC News. 2009-04-09. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7991132.stm. Retrieved 2009-04-09.
^ “Malaysia sentences 2 police in Mongolian murder”. The Associated Press (Sean Yoong). 2009-04-09. http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5id75ogaP8tSKAMyl6HbA1qxRD60gD97ET1FO0. Retrieved 2009-04-09.
^ “Altantuya murder: Calm despite death sentence”. M. Mageswari and Lester Kong. 2009-04-09. http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/4/9/nation/20090409143659&sec=nation. Retrieved 2009-04-09.
External links
Berita Harian Online: VAT 69 digeruni komunis (In Bahasa Malaysia), Retrieved 7 December 2009
Specwar.info: Pasukan Gerakan Khas, Retrieved 7 December 2009
Police Paramilitary Force Retrieved 7 December 2009
v d e
Royal Malaysian Police
History
Civil Affairs Police Force Sistem Salleh Policewoman of Malaysia
Law
Law of Malaysia Ministry of Internal Security Ministry of Home Affairs
Departments
Royal Malaysian Police Museum Police Resource Department BAKA Police Logistic Department Criminal Investigation Internal and Public Security Special Branch K-9 Unit Police Administrative and Civilian Staff Union Police Volunteer Reserve Auxiliary Police National Police Cadet Co-operative Society PULAPOL Muar Police Training Centre Kuala Lumpur Police College Student’s Police Volunteer Reserve Corps Tourist Police
Armed units
General Operations Force Senoi Praaq Unit Tindakan Cepat Counter Smuggling Unit Federal Reserve Unit Police Mounted Units Marine Police Police Air Wing Traffic Police Branch Pasukan Gerakan Khas UNGERIN
Campaigns
Ops Sikap Rakan Cop
Other topics: Bukit Kepong (film) Gerak Khas (drama) RELA Corps Memali Incident Bukit Kepong Incident Al-Mau’nah Squatgate Police officers killed in the line of duty
Categories: 1997 establishments | Counter-terrorism in Malaysia | Law enforcement in Malaysia | Special forces of Malaysia | Non-military counter-terrorist organizationsHidden categories: Articles with links needing disambiguation | Articles containing explicitly cited English language text | Articles containing Malay language text
Read more on Pasukan Gerakan Khas…
The ongoing crisis in the economy has left millions of people jobless in the past few months. The impact has been so heavy that many borrowers have become defaulters in just a span of 6 to 12 months. The price rise has added woes to the economy. People seldom have adequate funds to buy things from shops. Loans are the only option to consolidate the debts. In the present situation, government has extended its financial assistance to most of the bankers and lenders and has issued directives to lower the interest rates. This might solve the issues for the time being but eventually they have to be paid back. Debt consolidation is the act of obtaining a single loan to settle the rest of the loans that the borrowers have.
Read more on Debt Consolidation Loan – A Wise Decision…
Business to be successful, need to rely on the unique development strategy, regardless of how policy makers devise strategies to quickly grab market share, strive to always choose the brand started business road to success is the only way. Say Business is war, the face of changing market competition, and sometimes need another way to vista.
Enterprise development experience "stumbling block"
Greek poetry Wenzhou Sanitary Ware Science and Education was founded in Dayton in 1995, is a series production in the laboratory have years-old enterprise, from creation to the present, the development path has also experienced many storms. Especially in the three years ago, the Greek poetry Patton and many work hard in the business enterprise, like the sea, also encountered a single means of promoting, marketing channels shut down due to the plight of profit. Traditional publicity alone, sales method has been very difficult to open up new markets, if we do not open a new path, then, companies could not escape the misfortune of being out of the market
Use pass welcome the development of second spring sale
2004, just before the Greek poem Burton had lost, they became acquainted with the HC network, also learned HC network is the largest B2B online trading platforms, deep industry background, huge resources and high-end users HC network technology allows a high reputation in the industry. And their customer service can meet the publicity selling rare poem Burton requirements, so that they pass immediately registered as a full member of the sale, the accumulation of a certain product marketing skills after the sale of rare poetry Dayton changed in the past on a low state, again great vitality, and who has made a comeback.
Easy to deal calmly making money
Present, such as the rare poem Burton domestic small and medium enterprises account for more than 95% of the total number of enterprises, concern for survival every day, slip into the sea may become a business now Epiphyllum. In the human and financial resources can not compete with large enterprises with the case, the active use of e-commerce trading platform is undoubtedly opened up a new path of development. HC Network has been working for many small and medium enterprises to build a brand promotion, trade negotiations, investment transactions in the platform, the purpose is to open up the blood between the companies, so that everyone can see and hear better. Three years ago, HC network successfully completed by the national chief business information service provider to a leading B2B service provider changes, which also built for small and medium enterprises a single message posted to a higher level of integrated development platform for cooperation E-commerce has brought benefits to SMEs will be increasingly evident. As a large-scale B2B service providers, HC network is to make most of the SMEs from the beleaguered state of survival freed.
Close to half, has more than 1,500 foreign buyers here completed more than 20 billion procurement project, 10,000,000 yuan of orders already common. From this point on, the HC network for SMEs, not just information dissemination, product promotion platform, but a continuously provide quality products supply chain, Fabric wealth base.
Read more on Looking for new business development opened up the old business connections is the key…
To further implement the state Prescription drugs And Non-prescription drugs Classification Management Regulations, strengthen supervision of prescription drug sales, protection of public administration Security Recently, Zhejiang Food Drug Administration issued a "flow of prescription drugs on the further strengthening supervision," which called for further regulate prescription drug sales activity.
"Notice" requirement, the Council should be in accordance with the State Food and Drug Administration "on the good prescription and non-prescription drugs category management implementation of the notice" and the Food and Drug Administration in Zhejiang Province "on the good prescription and non-prescription drug classification management implementation of the notice "and" Circular on Further Improving drug retailing enterprises prescription and non-prescription drugs category management control notice "requirement, effectively strengthening the area of prescription drugs and OTC drugs classified management of the supervision of the drug classification management of the regulatory work into the annual work plan, combined with regular supervision and a variety of special inspection, supervision of drug classification system to make regular, systematic, standardized, and improve supervision.
"Notice" emphasized that the Council should be combined with the province to rectify and regulate the drug flow of work and daily special order of supervision and inspection on the implementation of prescription drug sales to inspect key inspection pharmaceutical wholesale enterprises selling prescription drugs, prescription drugs purchased retail enterprises and retail pharmacy prescription sales of prescription drugs and so on. At the same time, to prescription drugs for local and non-prescription drug classification of management problems and highlight the weak links of the compound operation Phosphate Codeine Preparation And individual Traditional Chinese medicine Compound conduct surprise inspections of enterprises, a definite purpose. Found that prescription drug wholesalers to sell to non-pharmaceutical enterprises (such as Health Products Shops, food stores, entertainment) and the prescription drug retail business is not selling prescription drugs in accordance with the "Drug Administration Law" and "circulation of medicines regulatory approach" (State Food and Drug Administration 26 orders) of the relevant provisions of the severely punished.
"Notice" requirement, a pharmaceutical trading enterprise to carry out self-examination and prescription drug sales, promote corporate integrity and self-discipline. Pharmaceutical wholesale business focus check the prescription drugs sold to nowhere prescription business scope of the drug manufacturers or non-pharmaceutical business license business behavior, drug retailers focus on examination of prescription drugs purchased from prescription drugs with prescription or sale, and pharmacists in the post system implementation of the situation. Self-examination found problems that need immediate rectification, non-serious self-examination, not hard to rectify, once found to be severely dealt with.
"Notice" inspection department also asked to investigate and deal drugs around the illegal sale of prescription drugs act, into the second half of the focus of the work of pharmaceutical inspection, conducted a thorough investigation to be taken, spot checks of measures to fight resolutely investigate and crack down on illegal sales of prescription drugs operating without a license drugs, ensure that discovered handled. To prescription drugs and over-the-counter drug category management as a pharmaceutical enterprises an important part of daily supervision, check with the GSP certification, tracking, checking, credit control and so the combination of timely sum up the experience of the dynamic, to take effective measures and gradually establish a prescription drug and non-prescription drug classification management long-term supervision mechanism.
3G market is not only a lack of
Mobile
More important is the lack of big names of the 3G handsets. General Manager of China Telecom has called together to build a 3G terminal fine.
100, according to market research firm Digital Surveycool online survey system using a survey, about 70% of the consumers who wait and see attitude on the 3G, the results obtained by other research institutions. Experts, such as Apple, BlackBerry mobile phone, once such a big to enter the Chinese market, to some extent would eliminate consumer 3G's wait and see attitude, will also affect consumer choice of operators. Therefore, to deepen cooperation to launch the big advantages of 3G mobile phones, has a special significance.
Consumers love the brand, the lack of dominant mobile phone market
Market research firm ZDC7 24 first half of 2009 released by China's mobile phone market research report shows that China's 3G mobile phone market, the most concerned about all of the top ten brands for the overseas mobile phone brands. Among them,
Nokia
,
Samsung
Apple, HTC,
Sony
Ericsson ranked in the top five. Nokia with 49.2% of the users concerned about the ratio topped the list, thanks to its flow into the mainland market WCDMA mobile phone standard parallel; Samsung in the TD-SCDMA's advantage; Apple iPhone3G Mobile earned 10.6% Users concerned about the ratio.
, However, mean that mobile phones should not be more concerned about the quantity. In fact, China's 3G mobile phone market, most are domestic mobile phone, most consumers prefer the apple iPhone3Gs, PALM disappeared in the formal market. Analysys International said second-quarter domestic sales of 3G phones as a whole was 24.2 million, showing a lack of popularity 3G.
Chinese consumers expect the big phone, change can be seen from the gray market. Some cities in Fujian gray market that some dealers have done their best, through various channels, "pick up", such as Apple iPhone3Gs, Blackberry 3G, HTCtouchpro2, Nokia E71 and other phones you can buy all kinds of
Cottage
3G mobile phones are also popular, a wide range of great confusion. But the parallel machine and the cottage of the "popular" is buried hazards, consumers had to repair, shedding such as "value-added
Service
"The rush of the.
Advantage of mobile drive market, and enhance user stickiness
Big mobile phone consumers, operators, have had a huge impact.
Of the operator, if the big advantage to have a customized cell phone, their development will have a great leading role. United States
Communicate
Giant AT & T and Apple reached a sales agreement has benefited greatly in recent years. At present, China Telecom and China Unicom, respectively, and BlackBerry, Apple for the introduction of the negotiations, sources, BlackBerry may appear in the fourth quarter, the business hall of China Telecom.
For consumers, with a big customized 3G handsets, will not only receive excellent communications experience, will also affect consumers in the other service operators. Moreover, an advantage of 3G phones tend to affect a large group of fans choose the attitude of operators.
Handset sales data can explain the influence of the big mobile phone market.
Germany and Italy
Chi bank has not issued a report that iPhone and BlackBerry, mobile phone sales in 2009 will account for 5%, which snatched the mobile phone market to shift 5% of total operating profit of 58%, iPhone and the BlackBerry is becoming a manufacturer "printing press." The Deutsche Bank analysis of latest industry reports, to sales, profits overall decline in the general mobile phone manufacturers whom sigh.
In the third quarter, Apple not only in revenue and profit exceeded analyst expectations, but also made the Christmas season than the winter quarter than in the performance of all the second-best success. Apple's July 21 release of the latest filing shows popular as iPhone, its third-quarter revenue rose 12%, profit up 15%.
Read more on The lack of 3G mobile phones ace…
