If you are pondering over this question, “how to get back with my ex girlfriend” please understand that this is a very delicate situation. Feelings may be badly hurt on both ends and anything that you may do now or not do may cause even more hurt.

Read more on How to Get Back With My Ex Girlfriend – 5 Steps That Will Not Fail You…

The fact that you are asking this question, “can I get my ex girlfriend back?” shows that the breakup probably was not serious enough to negate the chances of reconciliation altogether. You also probably have the hope that she feels the same way about the relationship. If you have hurt her intentionally or unintentionally and you know it, it is time to say you are sorry. Being sorry and sincerely showing it is a very good first step to get back together with your ex girlfriend.

Read more on Can I Get My Ex Girlfriend Back By Being Sensitive Or By Making Her Jealous?…

The fact that you are asking this question, “can I get my ex girlfriend back?” shows that the breakup probably was not serious enough to negate the chances of reconciliation altogether. You also probably have the hope that she feels the same way about the relationship. If you have hurt her intentionally or unintentionally and you know it, it is time to say you are sorry. Being sorry and sincerely showing it is a very good first step to get back together with your ex girlfriend.

Read more on Can I Get My Ex Girlfriend Back By Being Sensitive Or By Making Her Jealous?…

Every day at work during my trip to my cup of joe, I get to listen from quite a few of my buddies. The stories they tell me are often astounding. Most of them are in relation to dental health but I also get to hear anecdotes about peoples’ experience in overcoming other disease conditions as well.

Read more on Expensive Dental Mistakes You Need to Know…

There are times when your relationship suddenly falls apart and either one or both of you may doubt whether it is all over especially if the relationship is new. Some men simply cannot reconcile to the fact that their girlfriend dumped them and so they hope to get back with their girlfriend again. If you are asking, “How can I get back together with my ex girlfriend”, it is important to plan your moves ahead.

Read more on How Can I Get Back Together With My Ex Girlfriend – Nothing Is Impossible…

Relationships are delicate and need to be nurtured with loving dedication to make them grow strong. Sadly, everything is not as rosy as we would like it to be. When relationships are broken, they drain us of all our emotions, feelings, ability to think clearly and in acute cases, even our physical well being.

Read more on Get Back at Your Ex – 5 Ideas…

Have you just gone through a break up? Are you thinking how to get an ex back? Many people experience some sort of a break up but most of them just concentrate on moving on rather than searching for a way to get an ex back. If you are not a part of that league and you want to work towards how to get an ex back, then here are some tips for you. Does a break up mean that there are no chances of getting back together with your ex?

Read more on How To Get An Ex Back – Know What You Are Doing…

As we get older, joint pain becomes more of an issue. This can mainly be due to the thinning of the cartilage and as a result arthitis begins to take a hold. Sure enough, we crave natural joint pain relief and strive to find that perfect solution that will allow us to carry on with our lives pain free. Below are some strategies to bring you that desired pain relief.

Read more on 100% Natural Drug Free Pain Relief) For your Joints – 3 Amazing Tips To Leave You Pain Free…

On China's steel industry is concerned, 2008 was an extraordinary year.

In the first half, raw materials, fuel costs, but the iron and steel falling corporate profits, loss increase; while in the second half, the upper two-Billiton merger how evolution is still unknown, but in the downstream market, "inflection point on the" already looming.

Downstream product market next year? How to deal with the possible upstream monopoly? How to iron and steel industry restructuring? In this process, foreign and private capital to play what role?

On the above issues, the China Iron and Steel Association ("CISA") 2008 conference, the third industry information, CISA vice chairman Luo Bingsheng accepted to be interviewed.

Steel up little room Reporter: outsourcing because raw materials, fuel prices, substantial price increases, the first half of this year, the average cost of medium-sized steel enterprises increased by 57.57% (in June rose 70.21% year on year). Therefore, the domestic market prices of steel products rose month by month, and remain high and volatile run. But now, "steel prices by the end of the inflection point" argument has been a lot. What do you say?

Luo: According to CISA statistics, due to rising costs of steel production, corporate profits generally decline.

In the first half, medium and large steel enterprise product sales profit rate of 7.61% the previous year fell 0.95 percentage points; 71 steel companies, there are four losses, loss 5.63% loss reached 424 million yuan, up an increase of 5.12 times.

From the development trend, half the domestic market, steel prices will continue to remain high, but further room to rise significantly compressed, further gains are not very likely.

Need to guard against, because changes in supply and demand caused the price fluctuations, especially in the fourth quarter of this year.

The second half of the factors affecting the domestic market: domestic fixed investment may be lower than in the first half, crude steel demand may decrease; first half of the iron and steel exports fell by 35%, if in the second half controlling the export of steel, some steel will go to domestic market; domestic steel production could be substantial growth, now is not clear.

The role of foreign capital Reporter: China's newly adopted "anti-monopoly law," provides not only relate to "a concentration" of foreign mergers and acquisitions between, for instance, mining giant BHP Billiton, Rio Tinto merger, by the Chinese Ministry of Commerce review; but also provides Foreign acquisitions of domestic enterprises on the case, for example, steel giant Ansai Music – Mittal M & Oriental Group (600,811, stock it), but also required a new anti-monopoly our departments to submit applications. China Steel Association to look at its impact on the steel industry?

Luo: "anti-monopoly law," the implementation of that China's steel industry faces two problems.

First, BHP Billiton is actively advancing the full acquisition of Rio Tinto, the two companies occupy the upper reaches of the world's iron and steel enterprise resource market share of nearly 40%. As the world's largest steel producer, BHP Billiton, after application to the Ministry of Commerce of China, I think that China should uphold the basic principles of fair trade and oppose monopoly, monopoly prices to consumers losses.

Second, China's steel industry development from the reality, look at foreign investment. At present, China's steel industry faces the task is to upgrade industrial structure, change of economic development, improving international competitiveness, and promote sound and rapid development of steel industry. Not to say that with foreign capital, regardless of quality or good, we should be.

Present, the Chinese steel industry to reinvest the funds in each of nearly 200 billion yuan, in which case, we are not without money, but a selective, welcome to promote the development of China's iron and steel industry funds.

Read more on Luo, China Steel Association: reorganization of the steel industry is facing time…

A smile with a set of flawless teeth is really mesmerizing. But that flaw-less set of teeth do not come easy. You should be very particular about your dental care if you want to mingle with the society and impose your influence.

Read more on If face is the index of mind, the teeth is a part and parcel of face…

Now,

Kitchen

Appliances have changed a single product and single product of the competition, have started around the kitchen gas stove, hood, disinfecting cabinet more products in one set-style "packages" competition. Various package turns on stage, in order to attract the eye of consumers. Businesses are the tricks the market response has been positive, consumers have very is to acknowledge the fire the whole kitchen package with kitchen appliances market.

Market conditions

By raw material prices, this year the kitchen appliance market, more than 10% price increase occurs, but not only did not reduce sales, but to a certain level of growth, consumers mainly purchase sets

Kitchen Appliances

The main way. Early in March, had started selling kitchen appliances, the market sharply higher. Early in April's statistics show that the single-product sales growth compared to last year were more than 30%. Among them, the oil stove sales accounted for 30% of total sales -40%. According to reports, recent times, more than 75% of the kitchen appliances are purchased packages, consumer brand loyalty is relatively high. Analysts believe that the

Kitchen appliances

Suite of kitchen appliances phenomenon is a manifestation of the brand integration, the advantages of a single product in the future it will be difficult to meet consumer demand, competition in the market is also difficult to take the initiative.

Hot decryption

Kitchen appliances to buy packaged appeal to consumers in the following aspects: first, price concessions and money. Puerile, it is important since ancient times a business management, kitchen appliance package is actually a promotion within the joint. America's kitchen appliances, a sales staff explained, and compared with single purchase, complete access to the biggest benefit to buy (as little as several hundred dollars a margin of preference, then a thousand dollars more). And now single appliance prices, but complete purchase, through preferential discount, the price but cheaper than before.

Second, if the appliance is used to buy

Decoration

New home or placed in the environment where elegant living room, then buy the same brand of kitchen appliances, make room environment, the more integration. The same brand of product market positioning, style, trend, style design is the same strain, often can have desirable effects. Some manufacturers have introduced a package of products from home appliances kitchen space aesthetic, research and development, quality, and the whole kitchen accessories and so forth have done painstaking research to address the high end consumer groups in the complete set of kitchen appliances when not know how to buy with the problem fully meet the individual needs.

Furthermore, when purchasing and save time, assembly easy, fast and secure service. In a mall with a counter you can buy the necessary kitchen appliances, delivery, installation in one step, use and maintenance problems encountered, a call can be completely solved, would not have to face a lot of warranty badly battered , ran and ran.

Read more on Kitchen appliance packages "Selling Well" The analysis of market conditions…

Ruian wingspan Print Printing Machinery Co., Ltd. mainly produces clothing Printing Complete sets of equipment, is a research design, manufacturing, sales and service as one of the diversified enterprise.

Ryan span through independent innovation and years of experience in machinery manufacturing, with a number of high-quality talent pool, and then absorb the essence of advanced technology, innovative models advantage to raise the overall strength of the company expertise, excellence, courage enterprising, and innovative improvements developed a new generation of "multi-color automatic rotary printing machine." In the June 14, 2006 Screen Printing Exhibition in China during the HC network printing special honor to interview Indian Channel Ruian wingspan Print Machinery Co., Ltd. General Manager Mr. Cai Yufei.

Ruian span Print Cai Yufei Machinery Co., Ltd. General Manager (left)

HC Network : I understand that you do before printing Packaging Machine , The foot should say Printing The industry soon, would you make such a transition, what the decision is out of strategic considerations? How the future development plans?

Cai Yufei: Yes, before the production Postpress Equipment, so that we know of the printing industry is still not quite enough. It is understood that the current domestic printing enterprises generally use the common Printing Equipment Even totally artificial style may be saving in cost, can they ignore the product precision can not guarantee that affect product quality, personnel management problems and printing process requirements of the market rising. In recent years the rapid development of China's printing industry, customers have some understanding of the automation equipment. Besides the introduction of more expensive foreign equipment and after-sales service is difficult to place in time, so the company made a wingspan of a new generation of automated production of advanced printing machine of the decision to allow domestic prices of printing companies to spend with domestic rival high import machines quality printing equipment. Future, we will keep an open mind customer feedback, the new products constantly change and updating, and excellence to thank our customers.

HC net: The exhibitors what your company products and technologies? What is your assessment of this show?

Cai Yufei: As this exhibition span the company's booth restrictions, we brought our company main for most small children, dragon spruce handkerchief and a small area of automatic printing machine printing. I'm very satisfied with this exhibition, organized better, and hope that next time there is more automatic for users to choose a new generation of printing equipment.

HC Network: Although foot printing industry soon, but your company has developed a new generation of self "Automatic rotating multi-color printing machine", you give us a brief introduction of the product, is fully automatic products? What is prominent compared with similar products we have?

Cai Yufei: Yes, the wingspan of the company's fully automatic rotary printing machine is the new generation of printing equipment. The company uses imported pneumatic and electrical components for high-speed operation using a high-cost low-weight Aluminum Material. Operating station automatic pallet positioning accuracy, precision 0.05mm, each station can work alone or jump digital printing, ink scraping device of any regulation at different angles, machine speeds up to 1000, stable and reliable operation, in high-speed domestic similar products, and the smooth functioning of any of squeegee angle adjustment is not complete.

HC Network: "Innovation" is the driving force of business development, you have innovation in product development efforts to do what?

Cai Yufei: Innovation is our company's expertise is corporate power, R & D products in our extensive investigation, study of the international famous enterprises, has summarized the advantages and disadvantages of the equipment, through my company's expertise on the efforts of designers traditional printing machine was a revolutionary improvement and innovation.

HC network: the automatic printing machine you have reached the leading level at home and abroad, do you think automatic printing equipment, domestic and international level, what are the differences? How to work on domestic firms catch? Can talk about your experience?

Cai Yufei: I personally think that the automatic printing equipment of domestic and international level differences are mainly manufacturing process, domestic materials and configurations used in each enterprise is different. To made international brands, and domestic manufacturers that we should strive to improve equipment quality, perfect software services. Quality is the vitality.

HC Network: More and more Chinese and Chinese textile printing companies huge market potential, MHM, M & R, TAS and other internationally renowned printing equipment manufacturers have come to China to open up the market, the domestic printing equipment manufacturers are active R & D manufacturing, so your company how to deal with the fierce market competition?

Cai Yufei: Although we will soon enter the printing industry, but we With professional design and technical staff, excellent place for pre-service and provide customers with comprehensive technical support package, absolutely certain and international brands and domestic manufacturers to compete market. Our company will be the price domestic machines have world famous quality of the machine, why not? Moreover, our service is all-day's.

HC Network: Today's users are beginning to have to buy products more sense to buy services, your company's corporate philosophy is "people-oriented, customer-centric", in particular pre-, during and after sales work, how to provide good quality services?

Cai Yufei: Wingspan of the company to use the machine to customers in the shortest possible time span of the company to recover the investment is the reverse. We not only solve problems for customers in answering pre-prepared, out of seeking the most reasonable plan to provide the most superior equipment, so that users have the Heart of his own machine in order to constantly improve production efficiency. Wingspan of the customer promise: free installation and training costs, one year warranty and lifetime maintenance, and guarantee to respond within 24 hours, 48 hours to reach solutions.

HC Network: Finally please predict the development trend of China's printing industry.

Cai Yufei: The domestic printing market, I estimate three years of the last step, some stand still and not completely break the traditional mode of business will be eliminated by the market, the domestic printing market as growing competition heats up, on Printed Products Increased demand for quality, intense high-volume automated production business needs.

Read more on Ryan wingspan: expanding the field of printing new world…

If you cannot stand way your teeth look like you have several options. It is time to say goodbye to stained teeth whitening. The cheapest way is to purchase a set from the pharmacy. You might decide to seek professional help, visiting the dentist. It can be a wealth of information for you. The choice of dental treatment can be very expensive.

Read more on Sedation Dentistry Los Angeles…

Many people are scared of visiting the dentist. The only reason is that the treatments involved in dental health are very painful.

Many people are scared of visiting the dentist. The only reason is that the treatments involved in dental health are very painful. Even though, the dentist injects the patients with anesthesia, they fear the horrifying instruments such as drills and needles. Are you also stopped from going for a dental care? Do you also hate facing painful techniques for sorting out the dental problems? If your answer is yes, then you can eliminate the fear because there is a painless treatment in Northridge. The Northridge dentist promises to offer a better solution to bring back your great smile through their painless dentistry. Visit them once, and you will find the dental professional offering the best service that will certainly reduce your fear and anxiety. Know about the latest technologies used for the dental procedures that will maintain your oral health.

Read more on Northridge Dentist ensure painless treatment at affordable rates…

Dance

Odissi or Orissi dance and music is classified as a classical music of India. Odissi has a long, unbroken tradition of 2,000 years, and finds mention in the Natyashastra of Bharatamuni, possibly written circa 200 BC. However, the dance form nearly went extinct during the British period, only to be revived after India’s independence by a few proponents, such as Guru Deba Prasad Das, Guru Mayadhar Raut, Guru Pankaj Charan Das, Guru Mahadev Rout, Guru Raghu Dutta, and Guru Kelu Charan Mahapatra. Odissi classical dance is about the divine love of Krishna and his consort Radha, mostly drawn from compositions by the notable Oriya poet Jayadeva, who lived in the twelfth century AD. Chhau dance (or Chau dance) is form of tribal martial dance attributed to origins in Mayurbhanj princly state of Orissa.and seen in the Indian states of West Bengal, Jharkhand and Orissa. There are three subtypes of the dance, based on the original places where the subtypes were developed. Seraikella Chau was developed in Seraikella, the administrative head of the Seraikela Kharsawan district of Jharkhand, Purulia Chau in Purulia district of West Bengal and Mayurbhanj Chau in Mayurbhanj district of Orissa. Mahari Dance is one of the important dance forms of Orissa. Mahari dance of Orissa, originated in the temples of Orissa. History of Orissa provides evidence of the ‘Devadasi’ cult in Orissa. Devadasis were dancing girls who were dedicated to the temples of Orissa. The Devadasis in Orissa were known as ‘Maharis’ and the dance performed by them came to be known as Mahari Dance.

It was during the reign of Chodagangadeva, Maharis were employed in the temples of Puri. After Chodagangadeva’s death, Ananabhimadeva built Natyamandapa in the Jagannath temple for the dance performances inside the temple. Moreover, in those days, the Mahari dancers belonged to different categories namely, the ‘Nachunis’ (dancers), the Bahara Gauni, the Bhitara Gauni and the Gaudasanis.

The Mahari Dancers of Orissa are supposed to follow certain restrictions, such as:

They cannot enjoy.

They should dance on the ceremonies connected to Lord Jagannath.

They should adhere to the specifications made by the Sastras.

They must always wear clean cloths.

The dancer cannot be physically handicapped.

At the time of the performances, the dancers are not supposed to look at the audience.

The Maharis are married to the Lord at the age of nine.

Before their performances, the Mahari dancers pay their obeisance to the Lord.

In Orissa, one can also come across another type of Mahari dancers, who are known as ‘Samarpada Niyoga’. The duty of the ‘Samarpada Niyoga’ is to dance during the ceremonial procession of the deities. These dancers perform during the Ratha Yatra, Jhulana Yatra, Dola Yatra, etc.

Samblapuri dance,dance from Western Orissa region

The western Orissa has also great verity of dance forms unique to Orissa culture.The children’s verses are known as “Chhiollai”, “Humobauli” and “Dauligit”, the adolescent poems are “Sajani”, “Chhata”, “Daika”, “Bhekani” : the eternal youth composes “Rasarkeli”, “Jaiphul”, “Maila Jada”, “Bayamana”, “Gunchikuta” and “Dalkhai”, The work-man’s poetry comprises “Karma” and “Jhumer” pertaining to Lord Vishwakarma and the “Karamashani” goddess. The professional entertainers perform Dand, Danggada, Mudgada, Ghumra, Sadhana, sabar Sabaren, Disdigo, Nachina Bajnia, Samparda and Sanchar. They are for all occasions, for all time with varieties of rhythm and rhyme. Pala is a unique form of balladry in Orissa, which artistically combines elements of theatre, classical Odissi music, highly refined Oriya and Sanskrit poetry, wit, and humour. The literal meaning of pala is turn. It is more sophisticated than the other Oriya ballad tradition, Daskathia. Pala is presented in three ways. The names can be mentioned as baithaki or `seated`, in which the performers sit on the ground throughout. The other one is thia or `standing`. This is more popular and aesthetically more satisfying, in which they stand. Badi is a kind of thia in which two groups vie for excellence. This is the most entertaining, as there is an element of competition.

Gotipua dance is another form of dance in Orissa.In Oriya colloquial language Gotipua means single boy. The dance performance done by a single boy is known as Gotipua dance, When decadence and declination came in to Devadasi or mahari tradition due to various reasons this Gotipua dance tradition evolved as sequel as these performance were practiced to please God. It is totally unknown that when exactly this danced form came in to practice. Still some historians say that this dance tradition appears to have originated during the region of Prataprudradev (1497 A.D. to 1540 A.D.) and gained popularity in the subsequent Muslim Rule. Ray Remananda the famous Vaishnavite Minister of King Pratapruda and ardent follower of Sri Chitanya is the originator of this boy dancing tradition, As Vasishnavs were not approving of the females in to dance practices so it possible that the dance tradition must have come after Sri Chaitanya came to Orissa. The Gotipua Dance Tradition is now seen in the village Raghurajpur situated 10 km away from Puri town, situated on the banks of river Bhargabi. It is otherwise known as the Crafts Village as various Orissan handicrafts craftsmen reside in this village contributing their expertise in Patta Painting and other handicrafts.

Literature

Main article: Oriya literature

The history of Oriya Literature has been mapped by historians along the following stages, Old Oriya (900-1300 AD), Early Middle Oriya (1300-1500 AD), Middle Oriya (1500-1700 AD), Late Middle Oriya (1700 AD-1850 AD) and Modern Oriya (from 1850 AD till the present). But this rude categorization could not skillfully draw the real picture on account of development and growth of Oriya Literature. Here, we split the total periods in different stages such as: Age of Charya Literature, Age of Sarala Das, Age of Panchasakha, Age of Upendra Bhanja, Age of Radhanath, Age of Satyabadi, Age of Marxism or Pragati yuga, Age of Romanticism or Sabuja Yuga, Post Independent Age.

The beginnings of Oriya poetry coincide with the development of Charya Sahitya, the literature thus started by Mahayana Buddhist poets..This literature was written in a specific metaphor named “Sandhya Bhasha” and the poets like Luipa, Kanhupa are from the territory of Orissa.The language of Charya was considered as Prakrita. The first great poet of Orissa is the famous Sarala Das who wrote the Mahabharata, not an exact translation from the Sanskrit original, but a full-blown independent work. Sarala Mahabharat has 152000 verses compared to 100000 in the Sanskrit version. Among many of his poems and epics, he is best remembered for his Mahabharata. Chandi Purana and the Vilanka Ramayana are also two of his famous creations.Arjuna Das , a contemporary to Sarala Dasa , wrote Rama-Bibha , a significant long poem in Oriya. Towards the 16th century, five poets emerged , though there are hundreds year gap in between them .But they are known as Panchashakhas as they believed to same school of thought , Utkaliya Vaishnavism.The poets are :Balaram Das ,Jagannath Das,Achyutananada Das,Ananta Das and Jasobanta Das . The Panchasakhas are very much Vaishnavas by thought . In 1509 Chaitanya, an Oriya devotee of Vishnu whose grandfather Madhukar Mishra had emigrated to Bengal, came to Orissa with his Vaishnava message of love. Before him Jayadeva, one of the foremost composers in Sanskrit, had prepared the ground by heralding the cult of Vaishnavism through his Geetagovinda. Chaitanya path of devotion was known as Raganuga Bhakti Marga , but the Panchasakhas differed from Chaitanyas and believed in Gyana Mishra Bhakti Marga , which has similarities with the Buddhist philosophy of Charya Literature stated above. At the end of age of Panchasakha , the prominent poets are Dinakrushna Das,Upendra Bhanja and Abhimanyu Samanta Simhar. Verbal jugglery, obscenity and eroticism as the characteristics of Shringara Kavyas, became the trend of this period to which Upendra Bhanja took a leading role.His creations were Baidehisha Bilasa,Koti Brahmanda Sundari,Lavanyabati were proved land mark in Oriya Literature.Upendra Bhanja was conferred with the title Kabi Samrat of Oriya literature for the aesthetic poetic sense and verbal jugglery proficiency.Dinakrushna Das Rasokallola and Abhimanyu samanta Simhara Bidagdha Chintamani are prominent kavyas of this time. The first Oriya printing typeset was cast in 1836 by the Christian missionaries which made a great revolutions in Oriya literature, instead of palm leaf inscription. The books were being printed and the periodicals and journals were published. The first Oriya Magazine of ‘Bodha Dayini’ was published from Balasore in 1861. The main object of this magazine was to promote Oriya literature and to draw attention to the lapses in government policy. The first Oriya paper, ‘The Utkal Deepika’ made its appearance in 1866 under the editorship of late Gouri Sankar Ray with the help of late Bichitrananda. The publication of these papers during the last part of the 19th century encouraged the modern literature and acted as a media to provide a wide readers range for the writers, The educated intellectuals came in contact with the English Literature and got influenced.Radhanath Ray (1849-1908) is the prime figure , who tried to write his poems with the influence of Western Literature. He wrote Chandrabhaga,Nandikeshwari,Usha, Mahajatra,darbar and Chilika wee the long poems or Kavyas. Fakir Mohan Senapati (1843-1918), the prime figure of modern Oriya Fiction Prose is the product of that generation. He was considered the Vyasakabi or founder poet of Oriya language. Fakir Mohan Senapati is well known for his novel Chha Maana Atha Guntha .it is the first Indian novel to deal with the exploitations of landless peasants by the feudal Lord. It was written much before the October revolution of Russia or much before the emerging of Marxist ideas in India.

With rise of freedom movement, a literary though was emerged with the influence of Gandhiji and idealistic trend of Nationalism formed as a new trend in Oriya Literature.Much respected personality of Orissan culture and history, Utkalmani Gopabandhu Dash (1877-1928) has founded a school at a village Satyabadi near Sakshigopal of Orissa and an idealstic literary movement influenced the writers of this age . Godabarisha Mohapatra, Kuntala-Kumari Sabat the other renowned name of this age.

With the emergence of soviet Russia in 1935, Communist party was formed in Orissa and a periodicals named “Adhunika” was published by the party.Bhagawati Charan Panigrahi and Sachidananda Routray were the founder member and writer/poets of the party.Bhagwati turned to a fiction writer and though Sachidananda Routray (who is more known as “Sachi Routra” or Sachi Babu) has written some of the short stories but was actually remembered for his poems. Influenced by the romantic thoughts of Rabindranath tagore, during the thirties when the progressive m Marxian movements was in full flow in Oriya Literature, Kalindi Charan panigrahi, the brother of Bhagabati Charan Panigrahi,the founder of Marxian Trend in Orissa , formed a group circa 1920 called “Sabuja Samiti.” Mayadhar Mansingh was a renowned poet of that time though he was considered as a romantic poet, but he kept the distance away from the influence of rabindranath successfully. As the successor of Sachi babu, two poets Guruprasad Mohanty(popularly known as Guru Prasad ) (1924-2004) and Bhanuji rao came with T.S.Eliot and published their co authored poetry book “Nutan Kabita” Later, Ramakanta Rath modified the ideas . Sitakanta Mohapatra,soubhagya kumar mishra,Rajendra kihore Panda , Brajanath Rath, Jayanta Mahapatra, Kamalakant Lenka, J P Das, Brahmotri Mohanty, Mamata Dash, Amaresh Patnaik, Hrushikesh Mallick, Sunil Kumar Prusty, Sucheta Mishra, Aparna Mohanty, Pritidhara Samal, Basudev Sunani,Gajanan Mishra, ,Bharat Majhi are some poets of this contemporary age. In the Post-Independence Era Oriya fiction assumed a new direction.The trend which Fakir Mohan has started actually developed more after 50 of last century. Gopinath Mohanty(1914-1991,Surendra Mohanty and Manoj Das (1934- ) are considered as three jewels of this time. The other significant fiction writers are Chandrasekhar Rath, Shantanu Acharya,Mohapatra Nilamani Sahoo,Rabi Patnaik, Jagadish Mohanty,Kanheilal Das.Satya Mishra, Ramchandra Behera,Padmaja Pal, Yashodhara mishra and Sarojini Sahoo are few writers whose writings have created a new age in the field of fiction. After 1970, the women wing of Oriya writers emerged as a prime voice of feminism. Jayanti Ratha,Susmita Bagchi.Paramita Satpathy,Hiranmayee Mishra, Chirashree IndraSingh Supriya Panda, Gayatri Saraf , Mamata Chowdhry are few fiction writer in this period ,But among all the women writers Sarojini Sahoo played a significant role for her feministic and sexuality approach in fiction.For feminism she is considered as the Simone de Beauvoirof India, though theoretically she denies the Hegelian theory of “Others” developed by Simone in her The Second Sex. Unlike to Simone, Sarojini claims the women are “Others” from masculine perspective but as a human being, she demands for similar right as Plato recommended. In the field of drama, the traditional Oriya theatre is the folk opera, or Jatra, which flourishes in the rural areas of Orissa. Modern theatre is no longer commercially viable. But in the 1960, experimental theatre made a mark through the works of Manoranjan Das, who pioneered the new theatre movement with his brand of experimentalism. Bijay Mishra,Biswajit Das,Kartik Rath, Ramesh Chandra PanigrahRatnakar Chaini, Ranjit Patnaik continued the tradition. As a whole, we can say, now days Oriya literature is a strong wing of Indian Literature to represent in world forum.

Further information: Oriya language, Indian literature, and List of Oriya Writers

Music

Sixteenth century witnessed the compilation of literature on music. The four important treatises written during that time are Sangitamava Chandrika, Natya Manorama, Sangita Kalalata and Gita Prakasha. Odissi music is a combination of four distinctive kinds of music, namely, Chitrapada, Dhruvapada, Panchal and Chitrakala. When music uses artwork, it is known as Chitikala. A unique feature of Oriya music is the Padi, which consists of singing of words in fast beat.

Being a part of the rich culture of Orissa, its music is also as much charming and colorful. Odissi music is more two thousand five hundred years old and comprises a number of categories. Of these, the five broad ones are Tribal Music, Folk music, Light Music, Light-Classical Music and Classical Music. Anyone who is trying to understand the culture of Orissa must take into account its music, which essentially forms a part of its legacy. In the ancient times, there were saint-poets who wrote the lyrics of poems and songs that were sung to rouse the religious feelings of people. It was by the eleventh century that the music of Orissa, in the form of Triswari, Chatuhswari, and Panchaswari, underwent transformation and was converted into the classical style.

Folk music like yogi gita,kendara gita,dhuduki badya,prahallad natak,palla,sankirtan, mogal tamasa,gitinatya,kandhei nacha,kela nacha,ghoda nacha,danda nacha and daskathia are popular in orissa.

Almost every tribal group has their own distinct song and dance style.

Structural art

Applique Art of Orissa

Other cultural attractions include the Jagannatha Temple in Puri, known for its annual Rath Yatra or Car Festival, the unique and beautiful applique artwork of Pipili, silver filigree ornamental works from Cuttack, the Patta chitras (palm leaf paintings), famous stone utensils of Nilgiri (Balasore) and various tribal influenced cultures. The Sun temple at Konark is famous for its architectural splendour while the ‘Sambalpuri textiles’ equals it in its artistic grandeur.The saree of Orissa is much in demand throughout the entire world. The different colors and varieties of sarees in Orissa make them very popular among the women of the state. The handloom sarees available in Orissa can be of four major types; these are Ikat, Bandha, Bomkai and Pasapalli. Orissa sarees are also available in other colors like cream, maroon, brown and rust. The tie-and-dye technique used by the weavers of Orissa to create motifs on these sarees is unique to this region. This technique also gives the sarees of Orissa an identity of their own.

Sand Art

In Orissa, a unique type of art form is developed at Puri. But it spreads all over the world. To carve a sand sculpture, the raw material is the only clean and fine-grained sand mixed with water. With the help of this type of sand and with the blessings of God and by the magic of fingures, an artist can carve a beautiful and attractive sculpture on the beach Although not historically proved, there is an interesting story in the Orissan myths regarding the origin of sand sculpture like follows :- ” Poet Balaram Das, the author of Dandi Ramayan was a great devotee of Lord Jagannath. Once during Ratha Yatra (Car Festival), he tried to climb the chariot of Lord Jagannath to offer his prayer. Since he wasn’t allowed by the priests of the chariot to climb it and also insulted by them. With a great frustration and humiliation he came to the beach (Mahodadhi) and carved the statues of Lord Jagannath, Lord Balabhadra and Devi Subhadra on the Golden sand.

Religion

Gita Govinda manuscript

In its long history, Orissa has had a continuous tradition of dharmic religions especially hinduism, buddhism and jainism. Ashoka’s conquest of Kalinga (India) made buddhism a principal religion in the state which led to establishment of numerous stupas and buddhist learning centres. During Kharavela’s reign jainism found prominence. However by middle of 9th century CE there was a revival of hinduism as attested by numerous temples such as Mukteshwara, Lingaraja, Jagannath and Konark which were erected starting from the late 7th century CE. Part of the revival in hinduism was due to Adi Shankaracharya who proclaimed Puri to be one of the four holiest places (dhams) for hinduism. Orissa has therefore a syncretic mixture of the three dharmic religions as attested by the fact that the Jagannath Temple in Puri is considered to be holy by Hindus, buddhists and jains.

Presently, the majority of people in the state of Orissa are Hindus. As per the census of 2001, Orissa is the third largest Hindu populated state (as a percentage of population) in the country (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduism_in_India). There is a rich cultural heritage in the state owing to Hindu faith. For example, Orissa is home to several Hindu saints. Sant Bhima Bhoi was a leader of the Mahima sect movement. Sarala Dasa, was the translator of the epic Mahabharata in Oriya. Chaitanya Dasa was a Buddhistic-Vaishnava and writer of the Nirguna Mahatmya. Jayadeva was the author of the Gita Govinda.

However, while Orissa is predominantly Hindu it is not monolithic. The state also has a Christian and Muslim minority. During the past ten years, there has been widely reported religious violence in Orissa especially between hardline Hindu groups and Christian missionaries.

See also: Religious violence in Orissa

Oriya Cinema

Main article: Oriya Film Industry

The Oriya film production in the initial years was very slow. After first Oriya film Sita Bibaha, only two films were produced till 1951. A joint consortium of landlords and businessmen who collected fund after 1948 produced those two movies.The 1951 production Roles to Eight was the first Oriya film having an English name. It was released after 15 years of the first Oriya film Sita Bibaha. It was the fourth Oriya film produced by Ratikanta Padhi.The eleventh Oriya film Sri Lokenath was the first Oriya film, which got National Award in 1960 directed by Prafulla Sengupta.

The same year, Prasantha Nanda won National Award as best actor for the film Nau Bau with his debut film.The name of Prasantha Nanda would always come while dealing with Oriya Film Industry. He was present in Oriya films since 1939, but he became super active only after 1976. Nanda served Oriya Film Industry as an actor, director, screenplay writer, and lyricist and even as a playback singer. Such a versatile genius is quite rare in Indian cinema history. Nanda alone carried Oriya films into the national honor list by winning National Awards for three times in 1960, 1966 and 1969 for his acting in Nua Bou, Matir Manisha and Adina Megha. Uttam Mohanty, whose debut film Abhiman won accolade, is now the ruling hero of the Oriya Film Industry. His wife Aparajita Mohanty is also a roaring heroine.

Oriya cuisine

Salepur Rasagola.Rasagola, famous through out India originated from Orissa

Orissa has culinary tradition spanning centuries if not millennia. The kitchen of the famous Jagannath temple in Puri is reputed to be the largest in the world, with a thousand chefs, working around 752 wood-burning clay hearths called chulas, to feed over 10,000 people each day.

Rasagolla, one of the most popular desserts in India, is in fact an Oriya invention. It had been enjoyed in Orissa for centuries before being passed on to neighboring Bengal. The well-known rice pudding, kheeri (kheer) that is relished all over India, also originated in Puri .two thousand years ago.

In fact, some well-known recipes, usually credited to Bengal, are of Orissan origin. This is because during the Bengal renaissance, brahmin cooks from Orissa, especially from Puri, were routinely employed in richer Bengali households. They were famed for their culinary skills and commonly referred to as Ude Thakurs (Oriya brahmin-cooks). As a result, many Oriya delicacies got incorporated into the Bengali kitchen. Pakhala, a dish made of rice, water, and yoghurt, that is fermented overnight, is very popular in summer, particularly in the rural areas. Oriyas are very fond of sweets and no Oriya repast is considered complete without some dessert at the end. A typical meal in Orissa consists of a main course and dessert. Typically breads are served as the main course for breakfast, whereas rice is eaten with lentils (dals) during lunch and dinner. The main course also includes one or more curries, vegetables and pickles. Given the fondness for sweet foods, the dessert course may include generous portions of more than a single item. Oriya desserts are made from a variety of ingredients, with milk, chhenna (a form of ricotta cheese), coconut, rice, and wheat flour being the most common.

Literature

Fakir Mohan Senapati

Main article: Oriya literature

Further information: Oriya language, Indian literature, and List of Oriya Writers

The history of Oriya Literature is long.

Language

Konark Temple

The official language of the state, spoken by the majority of the people is Oriya. Oriya belongs to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European language family, and is closely related to Bengali and Assamese. A few tribal languages belonging to the Dravidian and Munda language families are still spoken by the Adivasis (original inhabitants) of the state. The state has a very opulent cultural heritage, one of the richest in India. The capital city of Bhubaneswar is known for the exquisite temples that dot its landscape. The famous classical dance form, Odissi originated in Orissa. Contemporary Orissa has a proud cultural heritage that arose due to the intermingling of three great religious traditions – Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism. Orissa is also known as Odisha. The culture of the Adivasis (the original inhabitants of India) is an integral part of modern Orissan heritage.

Clothes

Oriya people prefer to ware Dhoti , Kurtha & Gamucha .

Sant Jaidev was the writer of the Gita Govinda and is renowned by the Sikhs as one of their most important bhagats.

Swami Laxmananda Saraswati is a modern-day Hindu saint of Adivasi heritage. Another well-known modern-day saints is Bhakti Vaibhava Puri Maharaj.

References

^ Mukherjee, Prabhat. The History of medieval Vaishnavism in Orissa. Chapter : The Sidhacharyas in OrissaPage:55.

^ http://orissacinema.com/history.html

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State of Orissa 

Capital

Bhubaneswar

Topics

History  Economy  Geography  Flora and Fauna  Culture  Arts  Tourism

Districts

Angul  Balasore  Bargarh  Bhadrak  Balangir  Boudh  Cuttack  Debagarh  Dhenkanal  Gajapati  Ganjam  Jagatsinghpur  Jajpur  Jharsuguda  Kandhamal  Kendrapara  Kendujhar  Khordha  Koraput  Malkangiri  Mayurbhanj  Nabarangpur  Nayagarh  Nuapada  Puri  Rayagada  Sambalpur  Subarnapur  Sundargarh

Cities

Balasore  Berhampur  Bhubaneswar  Cuttack  Puri  Sambalpur  Rourkela

Orissa Portal

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