Before we start any discussion about Persistence technologies, we need to understand   what   exactly Persistence is in computer science. Persistence,   in simple terms is the ability to retain   data structures between various   program executions. A   perfect example   of   this    would   be a    word   processor saving    undo history. In   practice,   this    is achieved   by storing the data in    non-   volatile storage such as a    file system or a   relational    database    or an object   database.
The   popularity of   databases has increased   manifold in the past   few   years. Java   has   become the preferred   choice   of   developers   for     developing   secure,   flexible, and   scalable database driven web applications. These   web applications require objects   to be associated with appropriate databases. Hibernate, along   with   other    persistence   technologies associate’s objects   with    the   appropriate    database in a simple, straight forward and    natural way.
Hibernate    is      one   such   effort   from   the   Java    community   to      develop   many   object   oriented     solutions to   data   persistence. Any   kind of    Java   persistence      solution   includes     two       main    elements i.e. ORM (Object   Relational Mapping) and OOM (Object Oriented    Modeling).
Hibernate   has   become    immensely popular    amongst the   developer  community as    it  is a free,   powerful,    high   performance    open source    object -   relational    mapping  persistence   Java   package that   makes it   easier     to  work   with    relational   databases   for  Java  Applications.
Apart    from Hibernate, other popular open source Java persistence technologies include JDBC, abates, JDO, Top Link and CMP Entity Beans. These technologies   provide a standardized    object-relational mapping mechanism.
Java   persistence application    programming Interface or   JAVA   Persistence API       is the    latest   version   of the    Java   Data   Objects (JDO) technology    which was the   earlier    persistent   technology used   by   developers. JPA or   the Java   Persistence API is the   latest    Java Specification standard    for   java enterprise applications. The    Java    Persistence API is a     java    programming   language   framework   that   allows    developers    to   manage    relational   data    in    Java   standard   edition and    Enterprise Edition applications. Java   Persistence API      originated as    part of the    work of the JSR 220 expert   group.
The   java    persistence API’s   has  been  developed after drawing    upon the   best ideas   from      other    prevalent   persistence   technologies  like  Top link, JDO, Hibernate  etc. In   simple   words,   Java    Persistence API is a Plain Old Java Object API for object /relational   mapping   and   supports a   rich, SQL –like query   language    for   both static and dynamic queries.
Vendors   involved in  application  development     have   found   that the    use   of   Hibernate   technology   with   Java   persistence API’s   helps     build      flexible,  database    driven  web  applications    that   are    highly  scalable and    involve     complex   business    processes.

The Java Persistence API is the standard object/relational mapping and persistence management interface of the Java EE 5.0 platform and Java Web Services Development As part of the EJB 3.0 specification effort, it is supported by all major vendors of the Java industry for improving Java Web Development in India and Globe.
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